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Pic. 20. Rear axle.
1. Wheel brake drum bolt; 2. Guide pin; 3. Shaft bearing oil deflector; 4. Brake drum; 5. Cast iron brake drum ring; 6. Rear brake wheel cylinder; 7. Fitting for pumping the drive of the brake mechanism; 8. Axle bearing; 9. Locking ring bearing; 10. Rear axle beam flange; 11. Half shaft seal; 12. Suspension spring support cup; 13. Rear axle beam; 14. Bracket for mounting the upper suspension rod; 15. Half shaft guide; 16. Differential bearing nut; 17. Differential box bearing; 18. Differential box bearing cap; 19. Breather; 20. Differential satellite; 21. Driven gear of the main gear; 22. Left half shaft; 23. Axle gear; 24. Rear axle gear housing; 25. Adjusting ring of the drive gear; 26. Bearing spacer; 27. Pinion bearing; 28. Drive gear oil seal; 29. Gland deflector; 30. Flange-fork of the cardan joint; 31. Nut; 32. Oil deflector; 33. Main gear drive; 34. Axis of satellites; 35. Support washer of the axle gear; 36. Differential box; 37. Right axis; 38. Brackets for fastening suspension parts; 39. Thrust plate of the axle shaft bearing; 40. Rear brake shield; 41. Rear brake shoe; 42. Friction lining; 43. Axle flange; 44. Locking plate; 45. A bolt of fastening of a cover of the bearing.
1. Wheel brake drum bolt; 2. Guide pin; 3. Shaft bearing oil deflector; 4. Brake drum; 5. Cast iron brake drum ring; 6. Rear brake wheel cylinder; 7. Fitting for pumping the drive of the brake mechanism; 8. Axle bearing; 9. Locking ring bearing; 10. Rear axle beam flange; 11. Half shaft seal; 12. Suspension spring support cup; 13. Rear axle beam; 14. Bracket for mounting the upper suspension rod; 15. Half shaft guide; 16. Differential bearing nut; 17. Differential box bearing; 18. Differential box bearing cap; 19. Breather; 20. Differential satellite; 21. Driven gear of the main gear; 22. Left half shaft; 23. Axle gear; 24. Rear axle gear housing; 25. Adjusting ring of the drive gear; 26. Bearing spacer; 27. Pinion bearing; 28. Drive gear oil seal; 29. Gland deflector; 30. Flange-fork of the cardan joint; 31. Nut; 32. Oil deflector; 33. Main gear drive; 34. Axis of satellites; 35. Support washer of the axle gear; 36. Differential box; 37. Right axis; 38. Brackets for fastening suspension parts; 39. Thrust plate of the axle shaft bearing; 40. Rear brake shield; 41. Rear brake shoe; 42. Friction lining; 43. Axle flange; 44. Locking plate; 45. A bolt of fastening of a cover of the bearing.
The torque from the driveline is transmitted to the driving wheels of the car through the main gear, differential and axle shafts. These mechanisms are installed in the rear axle of the vehicle, which consists of two basic parts: beam 13 and crankcase 24 of the rear axle gearbox.
Beam 13 of the rear axle consists of two stamped casings welded with longitudinal seams. Two steel flanges 10 are welded to the ends of the casings, in which sockets for bearings 8 and seals 11 of the axle shafts are machined. From the end in the flanges, holes are made for the bolts for fastening the shields 40 of the brake mechanisms of the wheels. The same bolts with nuts fasten the oil deflector 3 and the plate 39, which holds the axle shaft bearing in the flange socket. The half shaft bearing mounting plate and the oil deflector are interconnected by screws through a sealing gasket. At the ends of the rear axle beam, support cups of the rear suspension springs and brackets for attaching suspension rods and shock absorbers are welded. In the middle part of the beam is expanded and has a through opening, to the rear side of which a stamped cover with an oil filler located in it is welded (at the same time as control) hole closed with a stopper. The crankcase 24 of the rear axle gearbox is bolted to the front machined end of the opening. A breather 19 with a spring-loaded valve is screwed into the beam from above. Through the breather, the beam cavity communicates with the atmosphere, which eliminates the increase in pressure in the beam cavity and the ingress of water and dirt into the rear axle when overcoming water barriers. Guides of 15 axle shafts are welded inside the beam, facilitating the installation of axle shafts when assembling the rear axle. An oil drain hole is located at the bottom of the beam. It is closed with a cork with a magnet.
The main gear consists of a pair of bevel gears 33 and 21, the gear ratio of which is 4.1 (the number of teeth on the gear is 21 - 41, and on the gear 33 -10). The gears have hypoid gearing, in which the axis of the drive gear 33 is offset relative to the axis of the gear 21, i.e., their axes do not intersect, but cross. Such gears have a complex tooth shape, which ensures the simultaneous and smooth engagement of several teeth. This reduces the load on each tooth, increases the durability of the final drive and allows more torque to be transmitted. However, such a transmission requires special oil (TAD-17i) with anti-seize additives.
The gear 33 is mounted on two tapered roller bearings 27, between the inner rings of which there is a spacer sleeve 26. An adjusting ring 25 is installed between the inner bearing and the end face of the gear, the thickness of which is in the range from 2.55 to 3.35 mm every 0.05 mm. Seventeen sizes of the adjusting ring allow you to adjust with great accuracy the mutual position of the driving and driven gears, ensuring the correct engagement of their teeth. A flange 30 is put on the splined end of the gear 33, which is fastened with a self-locking nut 31. The working edge of the stuffing box 28 is pressed against the cylindrical surface of the flange. It is protected from damage by a dirt deflector 29. An oil deflector 32 is clamped between the gear bearing and the flange. workloads and ensure silent and durable operation of the main gear, a preload is installed in the bearings 27 of the gear. It is adjusted by tightening the nut 31 to a certain deformation of the spacer sleeve 26.
The preload is determined by the moment of resistance to turning the gear.
Gear 21 is made in the form of a ring gear, which is bolted to the flange of the differential box. Together with the differential box, the gear rotates in two tapered roller bearings 17. They are installed in detachable housings of the crankcase 24, which have detachable covers 18. The preload in the differential bearings, as well as the lateral clearance in the engagement of the final drive gears, is adjusted by nuts 16. The position of the nut is fixed plate 44, which is attached to the bearing cap 18.
Differential - conical two-satellite. It consists of two satellites located on a common axis 34, two side gears 23 and a differential box. The axle is located in the holes of the differential box and is kept from falling out by gear 21, which covers the hole in the box. The hemispherical surface of the satellites rests on the hemisphere of the differential box. The satellites are in constant engagement with side gears 23, the cylindrical belts of which go into the holes of the differential box and are their supports. Support washers 35 are installed between the ends of the semi-axial gears and the differential box.
The axle shaft is made integral with the flange, to which 1 brake drum and the rear wheel disc are bolted.
The inner end of the axle shaft is connected by splines to the side gear 23, which is a support for the inner end of the axle shaft. Outside, the axle shaft rests on a ball bearing 8, which is clamped on the axle shaft between its shoulder and the locking ring 9. The ring is pressed onto the axle shaft in a state heated to 300°C. The axle shaft bearing is sealed on the inside with an oil seal 11, on the outside - with a rubber ring sandwiched between the shield and the flange of the rear axle beam.
The bearing is mounted in the nest of the rear axle beam by plate 39, which, together with the oil deflector 3 and the brake shield 40, is attached to the end of the rear axle beam. In order to reduce the likelihood of oil getting into the brake mechanism of the rear wheel in case of damage to the oil seal 11, grooves are made on the axle shaft, and an oil deflector 3 is installed. key.