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Pic. 22. Rear suspension.
1. Lower longitudinal bar; 2. The lower insulating gasket of the suspension spring; 3. The lower support cup of the suspension spring; 4. Buffer compression stroke; 5. Bolt of fastening of the top longitudinal bar; 6. Bracket for fastening the upper longitudinal rod; 7. Suspension spring; 8. Stroke buffer support; 9. The upper clip of the spring gasket; 10. Upper spring pad; 11. Upper support cup suspension spring; 12. Rack lever drive pressure regulator; 13. Rubber bushing of the pressure regulator drive lever; 14. Washer stud shock absorber; 15. Rubber bushings shock absorber eyes; 16. Rear shock absorber mounting bracket; 17. Additional compression stroke buffer; 18. Spacer washer; 19. Spacer sleeve of the lower longitudinal rod; 20. Rubber bushing of the lower longitudinal rod; 21. Bracket for fastening the lower longitudinal rod; 22. Bracket for fastening the upper longitudinal rod to the bridge beam; 23. Spacer sleeve transverse and longitudinal rods; 24. Rubber bushing of the upper longitudinal and transverse rods; 25. Rear shock absorber; 26. Bracket for attaching the transverse rod to the body; 27. Brake pressure regulator; 28. Protective cover of the pressure regulator; 29. The axis of the pressure regulator drive lever; 30. Pressure regulator mounting bolts; 31. Lever drive pressure regulator; 32. Holder of the support sleeve of the lever; 33. Support sleeve; 34. Cross bar; 35. Base plate of the cross bar mounting bracket.
1. Lower longitudinal bar; 2. The lower insulating gasket of the suspension spring; 3. The lower support cup of the suspension spring; 4. Buffer compression stroke; 5. Bolt of fastening of the top longitudinal bar; 6. Bracket for fastening the upper longitudinal rod; 7. Suspension spring; 8. Stroke buffer support; 9. The upper clip of the spring gasket; 10. Upper spring pad; 11. Upper support cup suspension spring; 12. Rack lever drive pressure regulator; 13. Rubber bushing of the pressure regulator drive lever; 14. Washer stud shock absorber; 15. Rubber bushings shock absorber eyes; 16. Rear shock absorber mounting bracket; 17. Additional compression stroke buffer; 18. Spacer washer; 19. Spacer sleeve of the lower longitudinal rod; 20. Rubber bushing of the lower longitudinal rod; 21. Bracket for fastening the lower longitudinal rod; 22. Bracket for fastening the upper longitudinal rod to the bridge beam; 23. Spacer sleeve transverse and longitudinal rods; 24. Rubber bushing of the upper longitudinal and transverse rods; 25. Rear shock absorber; 26. Bracket for attaching the transverse rod to the body; 27. Brake pressure regulator; 28. Protective cover of the pressure regulator; 29. The axis of the pressure regulator drive lever; 30. Pressure regulator mounting bolts; 31. Lever drive pressure regulator; 32. Holder of the support sleeve of the lever; 33. Support sleeve; 34. Cross bar; 35. Base plate of the cross bar mounting bracket.
The suspension of the rear wheels is dependent, since both wheels are connected to the body by a rear axle beam, which is attached to the body with four longitudinal and one transverse rods. Longitudinal rods transmit pushing and braking forces from the wheels to the body, and the transverse rod keeps the body from lateral displacement. The beam assembled with the rods constitute the suspension guide.
Both longitudinal and transverse rods are articulated at one end with the body brackets, at the other - with the brackets of the rear axle beam. Each rod is made of a steel pipe, to the flattened ends of which heads are welded. The rod heads have cone-shaped holes into which rubber-metal hinges are pressed. Swivel joints are identical in design, differ only in size. Each hinge consists of a rubber bushing 24, in the hole of which a metal bushing 23 is installed, through the hole of which the rod fastening bolt passes. The front heads of the longitudinal rods are bolted with self-locking nuts to the body brackets. The rear heads of these rods, as well as the heads of the lower longitudinal rods, are fastened with bolts with nuts and spring washers.
Brackets for fastening the parking brake cable are welded to the lower longitudinal bars.
When tightening the nuts for fastening the rods, the spacer bushings 19 and 23 are tightly fitted to the cheeks of the brackets, which does not allow the spacer bushings to rotate on the fastening bolts. Rubber bushings 20 and 24 also cannot rotate in the rod heads, as they have a tight fit in them.
To prevent premature wear of the hinges of the rods, they are tightened with a torque of 80 Nm (8 kgf·m) at a load that provides a distance of 125 mm from the housing of the rear axle beam to the body side member.
When the body or the rear axle beam vibrates, the rods swing due to the elastic deformation of the rubber bushings without their slipping. Rubber bushings provide quiet operation of the suspension and do not require lubrication.
The elastic element of the suspension are springs 7 installed between the body and the rear axle beam. The lower end of the spring rests against the lower support cup 3 through a plastic insulating gasket 2. The support cup is welded to the rear axle beam. The upper end of the spring rests against the upper support cup 11 welded to the body. A rubber gasket 10 is installed between the support cup and the spring, located in a stamped steel cage 9. Insulating gaskets 10 and 2 reduce the transmission of noise and vibrations from the rear axle beam to the body.
Rear suspension springs under load 2950 N (295 kgf) are divided into two groups: A - length more than 273 mm, B - length equal to or less than 273 mm. Group A springs are marked with yellow paint on the outer side of the coils, and group B - green.
Springs of the same group must be installed on both hangers. In exceptional cases, it is allowed to install group B springs on the rear suspension, but only group A springs must be installed on the front suspension.
The damping device of the suspension consists of two double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers. Each shock absorber is attached with one head to the body bracket, the other - to the rear axle beam bracket. Two rubber bushings 15 are installed in the shock absorber heads. In the lower head, a steel bushing passes through the hole in the rubber bushings, which is clamped between two steel washers.
When the suspension oscillates, the shock absorber hinges are elastically deformed and, like other hinged joints of this type, are not lubricated.
The upward movement of the rear axle beam is limited by two main buffers 4 of the compression stroke and an additional 17. The main buffer of the compression stroke is located inside the spring and is fixed by a mushroom nipple in the upper support cup. The additional buffer is fixed in the same way on the bracket, which is bolted to the bottom of the body. During the course of compression, the main buffers abut against the lower support cups 3, the additional one - against the platform of the rear axle beam. Suspension compression travel is 75mm and recoil is 135mm.
The torsion lever 31 of the pressure regulator drive is pivotally attached to the bracket of the rear axle beam through the rack 12. The supports for the lever 31 are: on the one hand, a clip 32 with a support sleeve 33 attached to the cross member of the body floor, and on the other, an axle 29, which is installed in the holes of the lugs of the pressure regulator housing 27. A short arm of the lever 31 passes through the radial hole of the axle 29. To fix this lever arm, a plate is used, through the hole of which the lever 31 passes, and the plate itself is bolted to the end of the axle 29. With this connection of the parts, the lever 31 rotates together with the axle and the plate relative to the axle holes. The cavity of the pressure regulator is closed with a rubber protective cover 28.