1. Block headlight. 2. Windshield washer reservoir. 3. Engine. 4. Air filter. 5. Rechargeable battery. 6. Expansion tank. 7. Interior rearview mirror. 8. Sun visor. 9. Back seat. 10. Trunk shelf. 11. Back door. 12. Rear light. 13. Rear wheel brake drum. 14. Rear suspension shock absorber. 15. Rear suspension beam. 16. Fuel tank. 17. Main muffler. 18. Front seat. 19. External rear-view mirror. 20. Side direction indicator. 21. Spare wheel. 22. Front suspension strut. 23. Front brake
The VAZ-1111 and VAZ-11113 models represent a family of front-wheel drive vehicles belonging to the first group of an especially small class, which have not yet been produced by our industry. They are designed for operation at ambient temperatures from -40°to +45°С on paved roads.
The layout of the car is characterized by a front transverse arrangement of the power unit (engine with gearbox, final drive and differential). From it, the torque is transmitted to the front wheels using shafts of unequal length, at the ends of which there are hinges of equal angular velocities.
Direct connection of the power unit with the drive wheels without intermediate transmission links (driveline, rear axle) allowed to obtain good characteristics of the interior capacity. The useful volume of the body is quite large with its relatively small dimensions. There is no gearbox housing in the leg area, and the body tunnel is also small, since it only houses the exhaust system, the gearbox control drive and the parking brake drive.
To reduce the vibration load of the body from the power unit, which occurs due to the uneven torque of the two-cylinder engine, the power unit is attached to the subframe, and not to the side members of the body. The front suspension assembly with brakes and steering gear are also attached to the subframe. The subframe is connected to the body through elastic rubber bushings.
The back of the car is also compact. The fuel tank is located under the rear seat, and the spare wheel is in the engine compartment.
The internal dimensions of the body allow you to place in it simultaneously four people of average height with the necessary comfort and a load of 40 kg. With the rear seats folded down, luggage space increases and the weight of the transported cargo can reach 190 kg. At the same time, transportation of bulky items is ensured. Trunk volume with four passengers - 205 dm33.
The small dimensions of the car and the small radius of the front wheel tracks provide good maneuverability and make it easier to park the car in a small space.
The aerodynamic characteristics of the car are not inferior to analogue cars. The average fuel consumption is 4.5 liters per 100 kilometers at a speed of 90 km/h.
The vehicle has a front suspension «rocking candle», also called after the inventor of the suspension «McPherson». The spring in such a suspension is actually located above the axis of the rotary device. The suspension is compact, lightweight, has a large wheel travel and is more elastic.
The front wheel suspension pairs well with the trailing arm rear suspension. The elastic element in the rear suspension, as well as in the front, are helical springs.
With a transversely located power unit and front wheel suspension type «rocking candle» steering is well assembled with a rack and pinion steering mechanism.
The main units, components and systems of front-wheel drive vehicles are characterized by the following data.
Engine. A family of engines has been developed for completing vehicles, which includes two unified engines with a working volume of 0.65 and 0.75 liters, differing from each other in cylinder diameters (76 and 82 mm).
Improving the shape of the combustion chamber, increasing the compression ratio to 9.9, selecting the optimal settings for power and ignition systems, and reducing mechanical losses in the engine made it possible to provide sufficient power, throttle response and high engine efficiency.
With a transverse arrangement of the power unit, its supports perceive not only vibrations, but also the torque transmitted to the wheels. In addition, a two-cylinder engine is more unbalanced than a four-cylinder one. To balance the centrifugal forces of inertia of reciprocating masses and their moments, as well as damping vibrations caused by unbalanced forces and moments. the engine uses a balancing mechanism.
The engines operate steadily in all modes without detonation on AI-93 gasoline.
The engine cooling system is liquid, closed type. with forced fluid circulation, with compensation circuit. The coolant pump, borrowed from the VAZ-2108 model, is located in the engine block. The aluminum radiator with plastic tanks, the electric fan and the temperature sensor are unified with previously produced models.
Combined engine lubrication system. Internal gear oil pump, interchangeable with the VAZ-2108 pump. The oil filter is unified with the filter VAZ-2105. The lubrication system has a pressure reducing valve that opens at a pressure of 0.5 MPa (5 kgf/cm2).
The power system has a two-chamber carburetor. This is due to the fact that a single-chamber carburetor does not provide good mixture formation and design power in all modes.
The carburetor control drive is cable, similar in design to the VAZ-2108, but differs in cable length.
The fuel pump is unified with the VAZ-2108 and differs in the direction and diameter of the fittings.
The ignition system is electronic, non-contact. The sparking moment sensor is built on the use of the Hall effect, the ignition timing is mechanically corrected by a centrifugal regulator and a vacuum corrector. High-voltage transistor switch in discrete or integrated design. Structurally, the ignition system is designed in such a way that high voltage is applied simultaneously to both spark plugs.
The transmission is compact and structurally made in one unit, consisting of a clutch, a gearbox combined with a main gear and a differential, and a front wheel drive.
The clutch is single disc, dry, with a central diaphragm spring and a self-aligning clutch release bearing.
The clutch drive is cable, there are no gaps in the drive.
The gearbox is four-speed, made according to a two-shaft scheme. All forward gears are synchronized, synchronizers are unified with the VAZ-2108.
The gearbox is integrated with the final drive and differential. The main gear is cylindrical, helical. The differential is conical, two-satellite.
The front wheels are driven by two shafts through constant velocity joints.
The body is three-door, load-bearing, has a niche behind the rear seat for cargo: the rear seats fold out, which allows you to carry a large cargo.
The body frame ensures its high strength and «soft» dampening impact energy in the event of an accident. The power circuit of the body guarantees the preservation of the living space of the passenger compartment during impacts from the front, rear, side and when turning over onto the roof
One-piece plastic bumpers also contribute to increased safety.
Corrosion resistance of the body is achieved by using steel with zinc coating on a number of parts (front fenders, etc.). Welded seams are sealed with special mastic. In addition to the above, an increase in corrosion resistance is achieved by cataphoretic primer, special treatment of closed cavities and the application of an epoxy protective coating.
Electrical equipment. Electronics and specialized integrated circuits are widely used in devices and assemblies (voltage regulator, ignition switch, alarm relays).
The vehicles are equipped with a low-maintenance or maintenance-free battery, a small-sized starter with an end collector, and an electronic ignition system.
The electric windshield wiper has two operating modes - continuous and intermittent.
The lighting and light signaling system of the car provides near and far illumination of the road, the designation of the size of the car with signal lights both when driving and in the parking lot, lighting of instrumentation and interior lighting of the body, as well as light signaling about the turn and emergency condition of the car, about the rear the course and operation of individual systems of the engine and vehicle.
The main outdoor lighting devices of the car are headlights, side direction indicators and taillights with lamps for side light, direction indicators, reverse light and brake light. License plate lighting is provided by two lamps. On some vehicles, a rear fog lamp can be additionally installed.
The interior is illuminated by a ceiling lamp located in the center or on the side.
In addition, there are instrument lighting lamps, a cigarette lighter.