A car consists of several thousand parts, and one of them can accidentally fail. This can happen on the road far from the service station. Only the owner himself, his experience and skill can help the car in such a situation.
Agree, a person who actively exploits a car in our conditions, that is, in conditions of vast expanses, cannot rely only on the help of specialists. Many purely theoretically determine in themselves the absence of the slightest ability to maintain or repair a car. Such denial in most cases is based on ignorance of what and how to do. Experience shows that in hopeless situations, the driver not only eliminates the malfunction, but even an innovator wakes up in him. There is no need to completely deny the ability to solve simple auto repair problems. I would like to hope that in every car enthusiast the talent of a car mechanic is dormant. Required only «unfavorable» conditions for this talent to awaken.
VAZ cars are quite simple and convenient for maintenance and repair. This is another great advantage. Of course, there are separate hard-to-reach components and parts, but they are usually repaired in the conditions of stations. VAZ cars have a high level of unification. The designs of most components and parts on cars of various models are the same, which greatly facilitates the repair and study of their features. In general, malfunctions do not occur suddenly. A malfunction is the result of a destructive process that has begun and has been going on for some time. The exception is breakdowns caused by traffic accidents. The ideal case is if it is possible to detect a malfunction at the moment of its inception or maturation, but this does not happen, unfortunately, always and not for everyone. Almost every malfunction gives itself away in some way, and you need to have high professional skill and intuition to unravel it. It is advisable, for example, to learn to determine the cause of extraneous knocks and noises. After a few days of driving a new car, everyone will distinguish an extraneous sound. Any new sound that occurs when starting off, driving or stopping is a warning. An experienced motorist loses peace until he establishes the cause of an unfamiliar sound.
If, for some reason, the tightening of the wheel bolts has loosened, then when starting off, you can hear a knock and creak. When touching a curb stone, wheels with increased play in the hub bearings will emit a thud (hit). A monotonous hum when driving and crispy when turning is emitted by a failed front wheel bearing. A dull knock is emitted when the car is sharply turned by the steering mechanism and steering rod joints with increased backlash. Sometimes the engine mount loosens, in which case «dangling» engine will knock when braking or hard acceleration «gas». Shock absorbers and worn front suspension joints are characteristically knocking. Although they say that shock absorbers are knocking, but, as a rule, more often knocks are emitted by shock absorber mounting parts due to wear of rubber bushings. Knocks of this kind are best heard when driving over bumps in the road. «rolling» sounds at the location of the bearings of the semi-axes of the rear wheels suggest that not everything is in order with the rear axle. Characteristic noises are emitted by failed bearings: release clutch, generator, water pump, gearbox drive shaft.
not rare and «false» knocks, noises and ringing, i.e. extraneous sounds caused either by poorly reinforced wheel covers, or by the tapping of the seat belt buckle, or by the chiming of parts located in the ashtrays, glove box or luggage compartment. If you learn right «decipher» these sounds, many defects can be detected in advance and eliminated in a timely manner.
In order to learn how to diagnose the condition of the components and assemblies of a car, detect their malfunction and correctly eliminate it, you need at least a superficial acquaintance with the design of the main mechanisms and systems and their relationship.
It doesn't cost anything to drain the battery. For example, leaving the sidelights or other lighting devices on at night. To once again verify the correctness of the assumptions, you should check whether the terminals are well fixed. Turn on the ceiling light interior body, and everything will become clear. If the battery is discharged, then the ceiling lamp will only try to shine when starting the engine. A dead battery is not the only reason «impotence» starter, but in this case, the luminous ceiling will not change its glow when starting the engine. It happens that both the battery and the starter are working, but it is not possible to start the engine. There can be many reasons, and it is best to detect them by elimination, for example: is there gasoline in the tank; is the fuel pump working (disconnect the hose from the carburetor and check the flow of gasoline using manual pumping); Is the ignition timing correct? is it dry on the contacts of the induction coil, insulators and tips of the spark plugs, under the cover of the breaker-distributor; Are the gaps between the spark plug electrodes and the breaker contacts normal? After doing this little research, be sure to find out what prevented the engine from starting.
In this chapter, we will try to acquaint novice motorists with technological processes for troubleshooting problems that most often occur. Troubleshooting methods are mostly recommended by the factory, but in some cases they are drawn from the experience of motorists and often the methods proposed by them are superior to traditional ones in ingenuity and wit.
Not all occurring malfunctions can be eliminated even by an experienced motorist, since special equipment is needed. Therefore, having met with such malfunctions, we will refer to service stations.