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Pic. 1: 1. Headlight interlocked with a direction indicator. 2. Radiator of the cooling system. 3. Rechargeable battery. 4. Ignition distributor. 5. Air filter. 6. Engine. 7. Vacuum booster with brake master cylinder. 8. The main cylinder of the hydraulic clutch release. 9. Steering wheel. 10. Interior rear view mirror. 11. Back seat. 12. Spare wheel. 13. Rear brake. 14. Rear suspension spring. 15. Rear suspension shock absorber. 16. Rear axle. 17. Cardan transmission. 18. Front seat. 19. External rear-view mirror. 20. Parking brake lever. 21. Gear lever. 22. Gearbox. 23. Clutch pedal. 24. Pedal hydraulic brakes. 25. Accelerator pedal. 26. Steering gear. 27. Front brake. 28. Front suspension spring with shock absorber. 29. Fuel pump. 30. Oil filter.
The design of VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 passenger cars manufactured by the Joint Stock Company is described and clearly shown "AVTOVAZ".
The VAZ-2105 model is a modernization of the well-known model of the VAZ-21011 passenger car. Modernization was aimed at giving the car a more modern appearance, to increase its comfort, active and passive safety, efficiency while reducing the impact of the car on the environment.
Cars VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 meet all safety requirements of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
Layout (location of components and assemblies) cars is made according to the so-called classical scheme, i.e. the engine is located in front, and the rear wheels are leading. The engine is moved as far forward as possible, which ensures optimal weight distribution along the axles, and therefore, good vehicle stability on the road. This arrangement of the engine allows you to have a spacious interior for passengers with a given wheelbase.
Good car comfort, which is also one of the safety factors, is achieved due to the ease and convenience of driving, good visibility from the driver's seat, low noise in the cabin, minimal influence of vibrations and vibrations of the body and effective ventilation of the cabin. In addition, the shape and softness of the seats, the ability to adjust their position and the angle of the backrest, as well as the convenient placement of the controls improve the working conditions of the driver and reduce his fatigue. Increases vehicle comfort (especially when driving on poor roads) and the fact that the salon is located inside the base, i.e. in the zone of the best smoothness of movement.
Cars equipped with a towing device can be used to work with a trailer with a ball-type towing device. The permissible gross weight of a trailer with brakes is 750 kg, and that of a trailer without brakes is 500 kg.
Engine
Engine 6, mounted on cars, four-stroke, carbureted, in-line, with an overhead camshaft. The use of a toothed belt in the camshaft drive and a well-plugged air filter significantly reduced engine noise.
The engine lubrication system is combined: bearings of the crankshaft and camshafts and the drive shaft of auxiliary units are lubricated under pressure, cylinders and the gas distribution mechanism are sprayed. Closed crankcase ventilation system. The system has an oil separator and a flame arrester.
The engine power system includes an air filter 5 with a thermostat, a two-chamber carburetor with a falling flow, a diaphragm fuel pump 29 with a manual fuel pump lever and a fuel tank.
Carburetor "Ozone", equipped with an electronically controlled forced idle economizer system, and an ignition distributor with centrifugal and vacuum ignition timing controllers provide reduced fuel consumption and less toxicity of exhaust gases.
The engine cooling system is liquid, closed type, with a translucent (for visual liquid level control) expansion tank. The centrifugal pump and fan are driven by a V-belt from the crankshaft pulley. The cooling system has a thermostat designed to accelerate warm-up and automatically ensure the thermal regime of the engine.
The gas exhaust system is made with two silencers arranged in series.
Transmission
The transmission of a car includes the clutch, gearbox, cardan gear, main gear, differential and axle shafts. It serves to transmit torque from the crankshaft of the engine to the driving rear wheels of the car.
Clutch. The cars are equipped with a single-disk dry clutch with a diaphragm pressure spring, with a torsional vibration damper (damper) on the slave drive. The clutch is controlled by a foot pedal with a servo spring and a hydraulic release drive with a fluid reservoir mounted on the front end of the vehicle.
Transmission 22 has four forward gears (five gears in the variant) and one reverse gear. All forward gears are equipped with synchronizers, which, before the gears are turned on, equalize the rotation speeds of the connected parts. The optimal selection of gear ratios provides the car with confident starting, good acceleration and high efficiency. The shift lever is located on the floor of the body.
cardan gear 17, consisting of two shafts with an intermediate support and equipped with two universal joints on needle bearings and a rubber clutch, transmits torque from the gearbox to the final drive. The front cardan shaft is connected to the driven shaft of the gearbox through a rubber flexible coupling and a flange that moves along the cardan shaft on splines. The rear propeller shaft is connected via a flange to the final drive gear. An intermediate elastic support with a ball bearing supports the middle part of the driveline and absorbs its vibration.
main gear hypoid, consisting of a pair of bevel gears with helical teeth, the rotation axes of which intersect. The torque from the driven gear on the axle shaft is transmitted through a bevel differential with two satellites. The differential allows the driving wheels of the car (left and right) rotate at different speeds when cornering.
Steering
The steering consists of a steering mechanism and a steering gear that transmits power from the driver to the steered wheels.
The steering wheel through the steering mechanism and the drive turns the front wheels, thereby changing the direction of the car.
The crankcase of the worm gear of the steering gear is attached from the inside of the engine compartment to the left side member of the body; on the opposite side, a pendulum arm bracket is attached to the right side member.
The steering drive includes two steering trapezium levers, a bipod, a pendulum lever and three thrusts: one middle and two extreme. The middle link is one-piece, has ball joints at the ends for connection with the pendulum lever and the steering arm. Each end rod consists of two threaded ends connected to each other by split adjustment sleeves, which change the length of the side rods and adjust the wheel toe. The adjusting couplings are fixed on the rods with coupling collars. Each extreme rod has ball joints at the ends for connection with levers or a steering arm.
Chassis
The undercarriage of the car consists of suspension units of the front and rear wheels with shock absorbers and an anti-roll bar in the front suspension, wheel hubs and wheels with tires.
The suspension of the front wheels is independent, lever-spring, with coil springs, double-acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers to dampen body vibrations on elastic suspension elements; equipped with an anti-roll bar and two compression buffers that limit suspension travel.
Stamped upper and lower control arms are pivotally connected to a forged stub axle. Two ball joints are placed in housings and attached to the levers with bolts and nuts. With the help of rubber-metal hinges, an axle, bolts and nuts, the lower arm is connected to the front suspension cross member, mounted on the longitudinal beams (spars) body. The upper arms are connected to the load-bearing part of the body using similar rubber-metal hinges and axles.
Twisted cylindrical suspension springs are placed between the lower arms and mudguard strut supports.
The torsion stabilizer bar, which reduces the lateral tilt of the body when cornering and reduces the lateral swaying of the body, is connected to the body and lower arms using brackets covering the rubber pads of the stabilizer bar.
Hydraulic shock absorbers, located inside the springs, have an eye in the lower part for attachment to the lower arm, and in the upper part a rod with a threaded end for attachment to the body. The front wheel hub rotates on two tapered roller bearings mounted on a trunnion.
The rear wheel suspension consists of two cylindrical coil springs 14 (see fig. 1) with telescopic shock absorbers 15 double-acting, four longitudinal and one transverse rods, two compression buffers located at the ends of the rear axle beam, and one central located in the middle.
The rear suspension shock absorbers are installed outside the springs and are attached from above to the body, and from below to the ends of the rear axle beam through conical rubber bushings. Attached to the floor of the body above the rear axle beam, the rubber buffers are designed to cushion possible rear axle beam impacts that can occur when driving on unpaved roads. The buffer above the front neck of the final drive housing limits the upward movement of the crankcase, preventing the cardan shaft from touching the floor of the body.
Wheels of the car are disk, stamped, with removable decorative caps: Radial-type tires with chambers are mounted on the wheels. The front wheels are fastened with four bolts to the hub flanges, the rear wheels - to the flanges of the axle shafts. Wheel and tire assemblies are statically and dynamically balanced. The imbalance is eliminated with the help of weights fixed on the wheel rim.
Brakes
The working brake system has a hydraulic drive to the wheel mechanisms, is controlled by a suspension-type pedal and acts on all wheels.
Parking and reserve system (emergency) braking (those. hand brake) controlled by a lever mounted on the floor between the front seats; only applies to the rear wheels. This system has a mechanical cable drive.
The front brakes are 27 discs, consisting of a disc and a caliper. The disc is attached to the wheel hub, and the caliper surrounding the brake disc is attached to a bracket mounted on the pivot pin. Inside the caliper are wheel hydraulic cylinders with pistons that transmit force to pads with friction linings.
The rear brakes are 13-drum, self-adjusting pads, actuated by a single master cylinder with two pistons or by a mechanical drive lever. The aluminum drum of the rear brake contains a cast-iron working ring.
Hydraulic brake drive consists of two independent circuits (systems) braking front and rear wheels. Therefore, the reservoir has two containers for brake fluid, and two independent cavities with two pistons are made in the main cylinder. Two independent systems are introduced for safety: in case of damage to one of them (fluid leak or pipeline damage) the second remains in operation. The pressure regulator present in the rear brake drive system reduces the likelihood of the rear wheels locking when braking. The use of a vacuum booster provides high braking performance with limited pedal effort. The vacuum for the operation of the amplifier is taken from the intake pipe of the engine. Therefore, the booster only works when the engine is running.
Electrical equipment
The wiring of cars is made according to a single-wire circuit with a rated voltage of 12 V, and the negative pole of the current sources is connected to ground. All relays and fuses are located in the mounting block, on the cover of which there are symbols indicating the purpose of the relay, the numbers of the fuses and the circuits protected by them. This gives great convenience for visually checking the condition of the fuses.
The current sources in the system are an alternating current generator of the G-222 or 37.3701 type with a built-in semiconductor rectifier and an electronic voltage regulator and a 6ST-55P lead storage battery. To start the engine, a ST-221 or 35.3708 starter with an electromagnetic traction relay and a roller overrunning clutch is used.
For the first time in the domestic automotive industry, a VAZ-2105 car uses rectangular block headlights, which combine all the functions of high and low beams, side lights and direction indicators. Halogen lamps have significantly improved the lighting characteristics of the headlights. In the rear lights, side and fog lights, brake signals, direction indicators, reversing lights are interlocked.
Cars are equipped with a dashboard with a mounted speedometer with distance meters, a liquid temperature gauge in the engine cooling system and a fuel gauge in the tank. In addition, the devices have control lamps of various systems, located both on the devices themselves and on a separate block of control lamps. The devices are equipped with glasses that do not give glare.
Body
Car body VAZ-2105 type "sedan", and VAZ-2104 type "station wagon", all-metal, load-bearing structure, i.e. one to which the power unit is attached (engine complete with gearbox and clutch) and all other components and mechanisms of the car.
Narrow windshield pillars, lack of shiny surfaces in the driver's field of vision, large rear-view mirrors, large windshield wiper areas, effective windshield washers at high speeds and effective defogging of windows by the ventilation and body heating system provide good visibility on cars and hence safer driving conditions. To eliminate blinding of the driver by the headlights of the cars behind, an internal rear-view mirror with positions "day" And "night".
A triplex-type windshield, consisting of two layers of glass with a transparent plastic film between them, remains transparent even when cracked. Back and lateral glasses are safe, tempered.
Forward and back doors with a forward hinge plate, have safety glasses. The front doors are locked with a key from the outside and a button from the inside; the locked door can be opened with the inside handle. The rear door lock has a lock. The door is locked from the inside with a button. A locked door cannot be opened with the inside handle.
The hood, which opens in the direction of vehicle movement, is hung on the body along the front edge and secured at the back at one point with a lock. The trunk is located in the rear of the body. The tailgate lock is locked and unlocked with a key. The trunk accommodates a spare wheel 12, a jack, as well as a set of driver's tools and accessories.
The front seats are separate with folding backrests and with a mechanism for adjusting the seat position and backrest tilt. The rear seat is fixed, one-piece.
Features of the device car VAZ-2104
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Pic. 2: 1. Side nozzles of the ventilation and heating system. 2. Window regulator handle. 3. Handle for opening the door. 4. Front seat headrest. 5. Door lock buttons. 6. Armrest. 7. Ashtray. 8. Rear seat back loop. 9. Rear window cleaner. 10. Gas-filled rear door stop. 11. Back door. 12. License plate lights. 13. Rear light. 14. Spare wheel. 15. Rear door lock retainer. 16. Fuel tank. 17. Rear seat back in normal position. 18. Rear seat back in reclined position. 19. Emphasis on the back of the rear seat. 20. Bracket latch rear seat back. 21. Rear seat cushion in normal position. 22. Rear seat cushion in the reclined position. 23. Front seat. 24. Handle for adjusting the inclination of the seat back. 25. Radio antenna. 26. Side direction indicator.
Unlike the VAZ-2105 car with a body type "sedan" car VAZ-2104 has a body type "station wagon" with four side doors and one rear. This car has the same advantages of cars with a body "sedan", as comfort, speed, efficiency, and at the same time it is adapted for the transportation of fairly large loads that do not fit in an ordinary car.
Tailgate beast of single-leaf type with upper hinges and fixed glass serves for access to the luggage compartment. In the open raised position, the door is held by a special telescopic gas-filled stop. When closing, the door is held by a lock located at the bottom of the door. The door is opened by pressing the lock button built into the outer handle. Locking the door from the outside is carried out through the keyhole of the button with the same key as the locking of the front side doors. The rear side doors have a frame and glass of a modified form, and a fixed glass is located in the sidewall behind the rear door.
For the convenience of placing transported items, a spare wheel 14 (see fig. 2), tools, accessories and fuel tank 16 are located on the floor of the luggage compartment. The spare wheel niche is closed with a cover secured with a thumb screw.
The floor area and the volume of the luggage compartment can be further increased by changing the position of the rear seat cushion and backrest. If necessary, the cushion 22 of the rear seat is installed vertically by rotating on hinges until it stops against the backs of the front seats. The metal pillow tray at the same time limits the luggage compartment and keeps the load from moving forward. The backrest 18 of the rear seat, rotated relative to the hinges in a horizontal position, increases the floor area. In this case, the back rests are installed with their ends in the corresponding nests on the pillow tray. To lay the backrest in a horizontal position, it is necessary to first release the upper part of the backrest by successively pressing the handles of the hooks of the clamps.
The design of the rear seat meets safety requirements. The cushion and backrest hinges, as well as the backrest locking mechanism, are designed to withstand the stress of a traffic accident.
The chassis is different in that the rear suspension is equipped with springs that can withstand increased loads.
The electrical equipment of the car is somewhat different from the electrical equipment of the VAZ-2105 cars as follows: a ceiling light with a built-in switch is installed to illuminate the rear of the passenger compartment; the shape and location of the rear lights have been changed; in a variant version, a windshield wiper and a rear window washer, as well as electric heating of the rear door glass, can be installed.