Anchor
Check with a megohmmeter or a lamp powered by 220 V to see if there is a short circuit between the armature winding and the housing. Voltage is supplied through the lamp to the collector plates and to the armature core. When the lamp is lit, it indicates a short circuit between the winding or the collector plates and the housing. When checking, the megohmmeter should not show a resistance of less than 10 kOhm. The armature that has a short circuit with the housing is replaced.
A special device is used to check whether there are short circuits between the armature winding sections or the collector plates, as well as whether there are breaks at the soldering point of the winding section leads to the collector plates.
Inspect the working surface of the collector. If it is dirty or burnt, clean it with fine-grained sandpaper of 10 - M40 grain size. Check the radial runout of the anchor relative to the shaft journals. If it is more than 0.08 mm, replace the anchor.
Check the condition of the spline and journal surfaces of the anchor shaft. There should be no visible burrs, nicks or wear. If yellow marks from the gear bushing appear on the shaft surface, remove them with fine-grained sandpaper with a grain size of 10 - M40.
Drive
The starter drive elements must move freely on the armature shaft without noticeable jamming. The pinion must rotate relative to the armature shaft in the direction of armature rotation under a torque of no more than 2.8 kgf-cm. The pinion must not rotate in the opposite direction. If the drive parts are damaged or significantly worn, replace the drive with a new one.
Stator
Check with a megohmmeter or a lamp powered by 220 V to see if there are any short circuits between the stator winding and the housing. The voltage is supplied through the lamp to the common terminal of the winding and to the starter housing. If the lamp lights up or the megohmmeter shows a resistance of less than 10 kOhm, and also if the windings show signs of overheating (blackening of insulation), replace the housing with windings.
Lids
Check for cracks on the covers. If there are any, replace the covers. Check the condition of the rear cover bushings and clutch housing. If they are worn out, replace the rear cover and clutch housing.
Check the reliability of the fastening of the brush holders on the rear cover. The brush holders of the positive brushes must not have a short circuit with the body. The brushes must move freely in the grooves of the brush holders. Brushes worn out to a height of 12 mm are replaced.
The spring pressure on the brushes is checked with a dynamometer; for new brushes, it should be (1±0.1) kgf. If necessary, the springs are replaced with new ones.
Traction relay
Check the ease of movement of the relay anchor. Then check with an ohmmeter whether the relay contact bolts are closed by the contact plate. If the contact bolts do not close, then disassemble the relay and clean the contact bolts with fine-grained sandpaper or a flat velvet file. If the contact bolts are damaged at the point of contact with the contact plate, they can be turned 180°.