Contents: Air filter ↓ Thermoregulator ↓ Intake pipe ↓ Exhaust gas release ↓ Exhaust manifold ↓ Intake pipe ↓ Silencers ↓
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Fig. 13: 1. Cold air intake. 2. Thermostat. 3. Filter pipe. 4. Filter cover. 5. Filter housing. 6. Engine crankcase exhaust ventilation manifold. 7. Paper filter element. 8. Perforated filter element casings. 9. Filter element pre-cleaner. 10. Damper handle. 11. Warm air intake pipe from the exhaust manifold area. 12. Damper. 13. Exhaust pipe. 14. Exhaust pipe suspension cushion. 15. Muffler suspension belt. 16. Main muffler. 17. Front pipe of the main muffler. 18. Clamps. 19. Additional muffler. 20. Front pipe of the additional muffler. 21. Clamp for fastening the inlet pipe to the gearbox. 22. Gas receiver. 23. Inlet pipes. 24. Upper half-body of the main muffler. 25. Thermal insulation of the main muffler. 26. Main muffler casing. 27. Left pipe casing. 28. Inlet pipe. 29. Lower half-body of the main muffler. 30. Perforation on pipes to dampen gas energy. 31. Perforated partition. 32. Left pipe. 33. Outlet pipe. 34. Blind partition. 35. Upper half-body of the additional muffler. 36. Lower half-body of the additional muffler. 37. Front perforated pipe. 38. Diaphragm. 39. Rear perforated pipe. I - Main muffler. II - Additional muffler.
Air filter
The air filter ensures cleaning of air entering the carburetor from mechanical impurities. The engine is equipped with a single-stage dry-type air filter with a replaceable filter element that has a pre-cleaner. The air filter has a seasonal adjustment of the temperature of the air intake.
The air filter housing 5 is stamped from a steel sheet. The filter housing is mounted on the carburetor flange using four studs and secured with self-locking nuts. On the carburetor, the filter is sealed with a rubber gasket. The filter housing is closed from above with a cover 4 with a rubber sealing gasket. The cover is secured with three nuts screwed onto an axis with spacer protrusions. The housing and cover are painted with black enamel.
The filter element is made of special filter cardboard 7, inserted into metal perforated casings 8. On the outside, a filter element 9 made of synthetic cotton wool is put on for preliminary air purification (pre-cleaner), increasing the dust capacity of the filter.
The filter element is installed in the housing 5 and pressed by the cover 4. The elastic rims of the filter element ensure the tightness of the connections of the element with the housing and cover.
On the bottom side of the filter housing, a manifold 6 for the engine crankcase exhaust ventilation is welded, which connects to the space behind the filter element.
The plant does not recommend cleaning and restoring the filter element, as this may damage the filter cardboard, and therefore, there is a risk of abrasive wear of the engine cylinders.
Thermoregulator
Thermoregulator 2 consists of a plastic housing with a flap 12, the position of which can be changed by handle 10. The thermostat is installed on the air filter pipe 3 and is secured with a tightening bolt. At the bottom, the thermostat housing has a pipe 11 for taking in warm air from the deflector located on the exhaust manifold. Pipe 11 is connected to the deflector by a corrugated hose. An intake 1 for cold air from the underhood space is put on the thermostat housing. To reduce air intake noise, intake 1 is made of polypropylene.
Depending on the ambient air temperature, the damper 12 is set by the handle 10 in one of three positions: 1) HOT - warm air comes from the exhaust manifold area through the corrugated hose and branch pipe 11; 2) COLD - cold air enters through intake 1; 3) intermediate position.
Some cars are equipped with a thermostat with automatic flap drive 12 from a thermal power element installed inside the thermostat and allowing automatic maintenance of the air temperature at the air filter inlet. Above the specified thermostat there is an additional pneumatic flap drive connected by a hose to the cavity of the intake pipe. The operating range of the thermal power element is from +30 to +42°C. When the engine is idling, due to the increased vacuum in the intake pipe, the pneumatic drive acts on the thermostat flap and ensures the flow of warm air into the air filter, which achieves more complete combustion of the working mixture in the engine cylinders, and, consequently, a decrease in the toxicity of the exhaust gases.
Under normal vehicle operating conditions, the filter element must be replaced every 20,000 km. When operating on very dusty roads, replacement must be done every 10,000 km.
Intake pipe
The intake pipe is cast from cast iron and is attached to the cylinder head studs through two metal-asbestos or ferronite sealing gaskets, common with the exhaust manifold.
The intake pipe has a platform for installing the carburetor and four channels for feeding the working mixture into the engine cylinders. The pipe has a jacket for heating the working mixture, which is connected by channels to the cooling jacket of the cylinder head. The liquid is removed from the heating jacket of the intake pipe through a hose and a tube to the engine cooling system pump.
The gasoline condensate formed on a cold engine is drained out through a drain pipe pressed into the intake pipe and connected to the intake chamber of the pipe. To prevent a noticeable leaning of the mixture at idle due to air suction, the drain pipe has an outlet opening with a diameter of (0.8±0.1) mm.
Exhaust gas release
The exhaust gases are released through the exhaust manifold, the intake pipe 23, the additional muffler 19 and the main muffler 16. The intake pipe and the mufflers are non-separable, they are connected to each other by pushing the pipes one into the other and are secured with clamps 18. Moreover, one of the pipes to be connected has a flared end with two longitudinal diametrically located slots. During assembly, it is necessary to completely cover the mentioned slots with the pipe being pushed in.
The original is posted on Internet resource VazBook
Exhaust manifold
The exhaust manifold is cast from cast iron, has four pipes for the removal of exhaust gases from four cylinders. The manifold is attached with studs to the cylinder head through sealing metal-asbestos or ferronite gaskets. The manifold has a flange at the bottom to which the muffler inlet pipe is attached.
Intake pipe
The intake pipe consists of a flange, two pipes, a gas receiver 22 welded from two stamped halves, closed on both sides with asbestos heat-insulating gaskets and thin-walled protective casings. The intake pipe is attached to the exhaust manifold with studs using four brass nuts, and also to a bracket secured to the gearbox using a clamp 21. A sealing gasket made of sheet asbestos reinforced with steel tape is installed between the intake pipe and the manifold. Since 1988, the gasket has been made of elastometal. The gasket and nuts are disposable.
Silencers
The mufflers consist of two stamped half-bodies welded together. Inside the mufflers there are perforated pipes and partitions forming chambers, each of which suppresses noise of a certain frequency range.
The main muffler 16 has two stamped half-housings 24 and 29, perforated pipes and a partition 31. Sheet asbestos or other insulating material is placed under the casings of the upper and lower half-housings for thermal insulation and noise reduction.
The main muffler half-housings and internal perforated pipes are made of stainless steel to increase corrosion resistance.
The exhaust pipe 13 may have a decorative gas outlet nozzle made of stainless steel.
The additional muffler 19, unlike the main one, has a blind partition 34 and a throttling diaphragm 38. The perforated pipes of the muffler are located coaxially.
The mufflers with assembled pipes are attached to the body floor with two rubber belts 15 for the main muffler body and a rubber cushion 14 for the exhaust pipe 13.