Steering gaps
Every 10,000 km run, and on a new car after running the first 2000-3000 km, check the free play (backlash) steering wheel, which, with normal clearances in the steering and the position of the wheels corresponding to the movement of the car in a straight line, should not exceed 18-20 mm (about 5°) when measured along the wheel rim.
If the free play exceeds this value, check the steering:
1. Make sure the clearances in the front wheel bearings are properly adjusted and the air pressure in the tires is normal.
2. Turning a steering wheel in one and another party, check up, whether there are no knocks in hinges, a steering mechanism and connections. Check and, if necessary, tighten the bipod mounting parts 7 (pic. 46), steering gear housing, pendulum arm brackets 9 and steering column shaft.
Pic. 46. Front suspension and steering:
1 - cross member; 2 - lower arm; 3 - ball bearing of the lower arm; 4 - ball bearing of the upper arm; 5 - upper lever; 6 - left side steering rod; 7 - bipod; 8 - average steering draft; 9 - pendulum lever; 10 - ball joint; 11 - right side tie rod.
3. Shaking a steering wheel, be convinced by the touch in absence of backlashes in spherical hinges of 10 steering drafts.
4. Check up a condition of spherical support 3 and 4, hinges of levers 2 and 5 of a forward suspension bracket and be convinced of their serviceability.
5. Eliminate the detected faults and check the free wheeling of the steering wheel.
If the steering wheel free play is higher than the allowable value, check and adjust:
- clearance in the bearings of the worm, which is determined by the axial movement of the steering shaft when the steering wheel is turned at a small angle to the left and right; clearance is adjusted by reducing the number of spacers 3 (pic. 47) between the crankcase and the thrust bearing cover to such an extent that the shaft will easily rotate without moving in the axial direction;
- side clearance between the roller and the worm. To do this, align the label «A» on the shaft with a mark «IN» on the body with the position of the wheels corresponding to the rectilinear movement of the car (neutral position). The gap is determined in the neutral position by swinging the bipod by its head with the rods disconnected from it and is adjusted by tightening the screw 1 with the nut 2 loosened. After adjusting, tighten the nut 2. Within the steering wheel rotation of 30°to the right and left of the neutral position, there should be no side clearance in engagement.
Pic. 47. Adjustment of clearances in the steering mechanism:
1 - screw; 2 - nut; 3 - shims; A and B are labels.
Front wheel bearings
Every 10,000 km run, and on a new car after running the first 2000-3000 km, check and, if necessary, adjust the clearances in the bearings of the front wheel hubs.
To check gaps:
- remove the wheel (see section «Wheel replacement»);
- remove cap 5 (pic. 48), fix the indicator on the hub 2 and bring its leg to the end of the steering knuckle pin;
- move the hub with the force of your hands towards yourself while rotating it until the indicator reads constantly and set the arrow to zero;
- measure the clearances in the hub bearings by moving the hub axially away from you while rotating it until the indicator reads continuously. If at the same time the indicator readings exceed 0.15 mm, adjust the clearances in the bearings as follows:
- remove the indicator, unscrew nut 4 and replace it with a new one;
- tighten nut 4 to 20 Nm (2 kgf·m), by rotating the hub in both directions;
- loosen the nut and tighten again to 7 Nm (0.7 kgf·m), then unscrew it by 20-25°;
- measure bearing clearances with an indicator. If the gaps are greater than 0.08 mm, repeat the adjustment. If the gaps are within 0.02-0.08 mm, lock the nut 4 by pressing the holes on the collar of the nut into the grooves at the end of the steering knuckle pin;
- remove the indicator, install cap 5, fix the wheel, remove the car from the jack and finally tighten the wheel bolts.
Pic. 48. Front wheel:
1 - brake disc; 2 - hub; 3 - outer roller bearing; 4 - hub fastening nut; 5 - cap; 6 - rotary fist; 7 - cork; 8 - ball bearing of the lower arm; 9 - stuffing box; 10 - inner roller bearing; 11 - ball joint of the upper arm.
Every 20,000 km mileage, replace the grease in the bearings. To change lubricant:
- remove the wheel and brake caliper;
- remove cap 5, unscrew nut 4 and carefully, so as not to damage oil seal 9, remove hub 2 complete with brake disc 1 from steering knuckle 6;
- wash the inner cavity of the hub and bearings 3 and 10 with kerosene;
- put fresh grease LITOL-24 in the amount of 40 g into the bearing separators and into the cavity of the hub between the bearings;
- install the hub 2 on the steering knuckle 6, tighten a new nut 4 and adjust the clearances in the bearings as described above;
- put 25 g of grease into cap 5 and install it on the hub.
Check of a condition of spherical support of a forward suspension bracket
Before checking the condition of the ball joints, find out:
- whether there is any deformation of the levers, buffer brackets, pillars of the front part of the car body and the axles of the lower levers;
- serviceability of protective rubber covers.
To check the condition of the ball joint 11 of the upper arm, remove the wheel and place the suspension on a stand. While sharply shaking the wheel hub, determine the total clearance of 2DA using an indicator mounted on the ball joint housing. If it is more than 0.8 mm, replace the ball joint.
To determine the condition of the ball joint 8 of the lower arm, remove the wheel and install the hub on a support. Through the lubrication hole closed by plug 7, measure the distance from the lower edge of the support housing to the surface of the pin. If this distance exceeds 11.8 mm, replace the support.
Tires
Every 500 km mileage, check the air pressure in the tires with a pressure gauge, including the spare wheel.
It is recommended that the pressure gauge be checked periodically at a service station.
At each tire pressure check, simultaneously check with a soapy solution applied to the valve inlet for air leakage through the chamber spool. In the event of an air leak, as indicated by the appearance of a soap bubble, tighten the spool with the valve cap or replace it with a new one. If there is a constant drop in pressure with a good spool, then disassemble the tire, check and repair the tube or replace it with a new one.
In order not to disturb the balance of the wheel, before dismantling, make a mark with chalk on the tire against the chamber valve and, when mounting on this mark, install the tire in place. We recommend dismantling the tire with a completely deflated chamber and at the same time make sure that the part of the tire opposite to the mounted section is in the wheel rim recess. Remove and mount the tire with a tire mounting spatula and a combination wrench for wheel fastening. The distance between them when gripping the tire bead should not exceed 150 mm.
After installing new tires, be sure to check the wheel balance at a service station.
The car can also be fitted with tires 165/82R13 model IYA-170 radial with textile cord and 175/70R13 model IN-251 radial with steel cord. On all wheels, as a rule, tires of the same model and dimension should be installed. In operation, it is allowed to install radial tires with a textile cord on the front wheels, and radial tires with a metal cord on the rear wheels. It is not allowed to install tires of different design, model or dimension on the same axle.
Every 10,000 km mileage for uniform tire wear, rearrange the wheels, as shown in fig. 49.
When abnormal vibrations occur during movement (vibrations) vehicle, have the wheel balance checked at a service station.