Electrical equipment of the car (VAZ-2110)

Ignition system

The ignition system consists of an ignition unit, an on-board computer, a speed (position) sensor, a crankshaft, a knock sensor, a damper, high-voltage wires and spark plugs.

The ignition unit consists of a switch and two ignition coils. Each coil supplies a high-voltage pulse simultaneously to two cylinders, the first and fourth or the second and third. In this case, the main energy is directed to the first cylinder, and an insignificant part of the energy to the fourth.

The crankshaft speed sensor reads data from the damper mounted on the crankshaft and sends a signal about its position and rotation speed to the on-board computer.

Knock sensor (piezoelectric element), mounted on the engine body, registers sounds (noises) of the engine operation. Based on its signals, the on-board computer monitors the ignition advance angle in each cylinder.

When starting the engine, when the crankshaft speed is up to 400 rpm, a high-voltage pulse is sent directly to the spark plugs from the ignition unit. When the crankshaft speed is more than 400 rpm, commands for issuing a high-voltage pulse are sent to the ignition unit from the on-board computer, which takes into account information from other sensors of the power supply system.

Spark plugs for "tens"

Currently, there are a very large number of different spark plugs, both imported and domestic. Sometimes our spark plugs are not inferior to imported ones. The conditions in which the spark plug operates are very difficult. The temperature difference from one end of the spark plug to the other is more than 2500°C, the pressure in the combustion chamber where it is installed is tens of atmospheres, the voltage that goes to the spark plug is tens of kilovolts. Therefore, monitor their condition and change them in a timely manner. The ignition system of the 2110 and 2111 engines uses spark plugs with the index A17DVRM, and on the 2112 engines, spark plugs with the index AU17DVRM are used. These are not ordinary spark plugs. They must be tightened with a 16 spark plug wrench. The gap between the electrodes in carburetor engines should be within 0.7-0.8 mm, with a fuel injection system 1.00-1.13 mm; their appearance is shown in the color insert.



On 2111 engines, BOSCH Super spark plugs can be used - W7DC, WR7DC, W7DP, WR7DP.

For the 2U2 engine, BOSCH Super spark plugs are F7DC, FR7DC, F7DP, FR7DP. Spark plugs with the letter "P" (platinum electrode) provide good engine starting and are durable, but require only high-octane gasoline.

Battery

The battery is a very important source of electrical energy, and on the "tens" its operation has its own peculiarities. If you have to buy a new battery, then you need to know what they are (battery serviced, low-maintenance and maintenance-free), and their brief description.

Serviced batteries usually have cell caps, gas is removed through the battery plug. The electrolyte level in each battery is regularly checked with a glass tube and distilled water is added if necessary. Such batteries are sold both with electrolyte and dry-charged, into which electrolyte must be poured. Such batteries are usually repairable, and if you monitor their condition, they can last more than five years.

Low-maintenance batteries may have protective covers for the terminals. Gases may be released through a central hole covered by a lid or through each battery plug. The casing may be transparent, and the electrolyte level may be checked by marks. If the casing is not transparent, the level can be checked with a glass tube. Batteries may have indicators showing the state of charge. If there is no indicator, the state of charge is determined by a hydrometer.

The third group is represented by maintenance-free batteries throughout their entire service life. The batteries do not require maintenance, charge 2-3 times faster, have high starting currents, and their service life is longer than the others. But these batteries require precise operation of the voltage regulator and are afraid of deep discharges. The batteries are sold filled and charged.


It is prohibited to disconnect the battery while driving or when parked with the engine running. It is possible to disconnect the battery while parked, but only for a long period of time, and it is not recommended after each trip.

Disconnecting the battery will not affect the main program of the on-board computer's memory. But the random access memory, which stores the state of individual units, as well as the basic driving skills, will be erased. However, after some time, all this data will find its place in the computer's memory.

Generator and starter

The 2110 generator differs from the "Samar" family. It has increased speed and power. The crankshaft pulley for the generator drive is modified and combined with a damper. The damper reduces vibrations and noise generated by the engine.

The pulley on the generator has been changed, since a poly-V belt is used to drive high-speed generators; it is shown in the color insert.

The compact starter has greater power than previously produced ones and better starting properties. The planetary gearbox is practically no different from the "Samara" family with modified mounting points.



The starter is a reliable element and can work for the entire life of your "friend". But there is one almost human factor. Drivers accustomed to the reliable start of the starter by turning the key on other models, when starting the engine on the "ten" do not pay attention to the return of the ignition key to the original position, and to the silent operation of the planetary gearbox of the starter. This leads to immediate failure of the brushes. Therefore, when starting, listen to the operation of the engine, extraneous noise should alert you. And it does not hurt to feel after starting whether the key has returned to its original position or not.

Some tuning shops install an additional relay that immediately after the engine starts turns off the starter. With such modification, the starters work reliably.

Lighting devices for "tens"

I always had to correct the driver when he said the words: "the headlight glass is cracked" etc. Automobile lighting devices do not have glass, they have headlight diffusers. Diffusers direct the light flow at a certain angle and are a complex technical product consisting of a strictly calculated combination of prisms and lenses. The European standard requires directing the light at an angle of 90°, and the American one - at an angle of 60°.

A complex device on the headlight is also a reflector, which should reflect as much light as possible. But recently, many domestic and foreign companies have made them very poorly, they quickly faded and rusted. And the use of halogen lamps with high light output heated them up a lot, which forced increased requirements to the reflector coating.

The German company "BOSH" has always been a trendsetter in the field of lighting devices for cars. It developed a reflector made of the thermo-relative material "Lomike". This is a special plastic. The reflector made of this material also became a diffuser. It has a complex geometric shape. Such a reflector was called a reflector with variable focus. In such a headlight, instead of a diffuser, there is transparent glass, which now protects the internal headlights from dust and moisture.

The headlight has a low reflector, but the illumination from it is one and a half times greater than from a similar headlight with a different diffuser. The photo of the headlight is shown in the color insert.

The headlight unit contains 3 sections:

• 1 section - low beam - halogen lamps. The low beam optical element has a light distribution of the "European beam" type for right-hand drive vehicles or for vehicles used in countries with left-hand drive;
• section 2 - high beam - has a reflector with variable focus, which directs a precise and powerful beam of light;
• section 3 - for direction indicators.

Two rear lights - each consists of an outer and an inner light. The inner light with a red diffuser functions as a brake light and a white light for a warning signal when reversing.

The outer lamp has a two-color diffuser. The red one functions as a side warning signal, and the gray one is for the fog lamp. It also functions as a turn signal and has a reflector.

Some drivers darken these rear lights by sticking on a special dark film. We will consider later why this should not be done.

At first, the "tens" were supplied with such units directly from Germany. At present, they are supplied by the joint company "BOSH-Ryazan" from Ryazan, and they are practically not inferior to the German ones.

Fuse box

The fuse box of VAZ-2100 and VAZ-2112 cars is very different from the "Samara" unit. Currently, a modernized unit similar to the "tens" unit is installed on the "Samara". The unit is installed in the passenger compartment on the left side of the driver. This is much more convenient than in the underhood space. The relay size has become smaller, and the unit has become thinner, so it does not interfere with the driver.

There are eight relays in the block:

• K1 — lamp health control relay,
• K2 - windshield wiper relay,
• K3 - direction indicator relay,
• K4 - low beam headlight relay,
• K5 - high beam headlight relay,
• K6 - reserve relay,
• K7 — rear window heating relay,
• K8 — fog light relay.

There are twenty blade fuses in the block. The circuits protected by the fuse are specified in the operating manual. The fuse number is indicated on the mounting block box. On cars with a fuel injection system, a controller and relay blocks with fuses are installed under the floor tunnel lining on the right side. It is advisable for every driver to know the fuse block, its relays and fuses, and even those who have a personal mechanic should be able to replace a fuse, and not tow their "friend" to a familiar mechanic. It is advisable to have the instructions with a sheet of paper on the page with fuses or a diagram of the mounting block at hand.

Blade fuses are more reliable and create good contact. They are convenient to use. This will be especially noticeable if you have previously used tubular fuses.

To check or replace a fuse, press the fuse box lock button, which is located on the left side of the driver at the bottom of the instrument panel under the headlight range control handle. This will open the fuse box cover. Remove the special tweezers attached to the box and use them to remove the fuse you need. Replace a burnt-out fuse with a new one. Never try to replace a fuse with a jumper. This may cause a fire. Always carry a set of new fuses with you.

Be careful when buying. Most of the counterfeits are with oils, cooling liquids and fuses. Practice shows: the best fuses are from the Pskov company "AVAR", if they are not counterfeits.

Windscreen wipers and windscreen washers help you drive safely

Every driver, especially after rain, has experienced inconvenience more than once, if the brushes do not wash away all the dirt from the windshield. You have to turn your head to find a convenient place for good visibility of the road. Experience of operating "tens" shows that the standard windshield wipers do not perform the function of a wiper very well. The main disadvantages are uneven washing of dirt from the windshield, dirty streaks remain. They do not relieve the driver from the nasty sound of rubber on the glass, when the speed of the brushes is very high. You constantly have to hear their creaking. The most successful operating mode for windshield wipers is an intermittent mode with a pause. Or a push mode, when an abundance of water jet and three or four strokes of the brushes bring the glass in order, and then for a certain time the windshield wipers turn off and their rather uncomfortable work is not heard.

Currently, there is a large selection of both domestic and imported windshield wipers. There are many bad reviews about the work of domestic brushes, both in terms of reliability and cleaning quality. So we can recommend buying imported brushes immediately after buying a car. In our opinion, the most convenient are the brushes of the Champion company. You should always remember: a high-quality brush is the safety of your car.

In order for your wipers to ensure the safety of your car, they must meet its requirements. The windshield of your car determines the design and size of the wiper blade. When choosing a wiper blade, you need to check who made it and whether it is suitable for your car model. This information can be found on the packaging.

The rubber element has a special coating of graphite grease or other special materials. This coating improves the sliding of the brush on the glass. If a squeak appears during movement, it means it needs to be changed. You can change the rubber, it is easy to change, but you need to be able to do it carefully. Pressed antennae often break, and a strongly pressed antenna changes the smoothness of the rubber surface. It is better to change the windshield wiper assembly. Brushes work in a very aggressive environment: dirt, salt, ice, dust, sand, leaves and many other things try to destroy them. But the most interesting thing is that when they do not work in dry, sunny weather, they are also subject to destruction from ultraviolet rays and heat created by metal and glass in the sun.

What to do? When wipers were in short supply and were stolen, drivers would take their wipers off and put them on before going on the road. The wiper in the trunk lasts better than in the sun. Maybe that's why they cleaned better before. Or maybe they made them better. You can periodically wipe the wipers with alcohol or washer fluid. Their service life increases.

In winter, don't be lazy, remove ice and snow from the glass with a special scraper and don't start driving until the ice and snow melt. One of the purposes of the washer fluid is to reduce the wear of the brush.

Many imported cars are equipped with "smart" wipers that turn on automatically when liquid gets on the glass or if it becomes dirty. This wiper works on the principle of transmitting light through the inner surface of the glass. If the light is absorbed when the glass is not clean, the LED turns on the wiper and washers.

A windshield wiper is currently being developed in which the washer nozzle is built into the brush. Obviously, our future "tens" and maybe even "twenties" will have "smart" wipers.

Windscreen Washer Fluids

Windshield washer fluid is a mixture of water and alcohol. Basically, all companies use methanol alcohol for these purposes, although many companies also use other alcohols.

One of the main properties of the liquid for the washer reservoir is its cleaning property. To increase its effectiveness, special additives are added to them. Such additives include a surface-active substance - tenside.

Liquids should easily spread over the glass surface. Every buyer can check this property. To do this, you need to drop it on the glass. If the drop spreads well over the glass, then the liquid is good according to this parameter.

The liquid should not freeze at sub-zero temperatures. The percentage of alcohol in the mixture ranges from 10 to 50%. As a rule, the freezing point is indicated on the container label. But it is hard to believe this.

This liquid is inexpensive. It is recommended to use it not only in winter, but also in summer, and not only during rain and dirty roads, but also when driving on a clean asphalt road in summer, especially in the evening. The flow of midges clogs the glass so much that water cannot cope with cleaning. And these liquids cope better with washing such glasses.