Ignition system
The ignition system consists of an ignition unit, an on-board computer, a speed sensor (provisions), crankshaft, knock sensor, damper, high voltage wires and spark plugs.
The ignition unit is a switch and two ignition coils. Each coil delivers a high voltage pulse simultaneously to two cylinders, one and four or two and three. In this case, the main energy is directed to the first cylinder, and to the fourth - an insignificant part of the energy.
The crankshaft speed sensor reads data from the damper mounted on the crankshaft and sends a signal about its position and frequency of rotation to the on-board computer.
Knock sensor (piezo element), mounted on the motor housing, registers sounds (noises) engine operation. According to its signals, the on-board computer monitors the ignition timing in each cylinder.
When starting the engine, when the crankshaft speed is up to 400 rpm, a high-voltage pulse directly to the candles comes from the ignition unit. At crankshaft speeds of more than 400 rpm, commands to issue a high-voltage pulse are sent to the ignition unit from the on-board computer, which takes into account information from other sensors of the power system.
Spark plugs for «dozen»
Currently, there is a very large number of different spark plugs, both imported and domestic. Sometimes our spark plugs are not inferior to imported ones. The conditions under which the candle works are very difficult. The temperature difference from one end of the candle to the other is more than 2500°C, the pressure in the combustion chamber where it is installed is tens of atmospheres, the voltage supplied to the candle is tens of kilovolts. Therefore, monitor their condition and change them in a timely manner. In the ignition system of engines 2110 and 2111, spark plugs with the A17DVRM index are used, and on engines 2112, spark plugs with the AU17DVRM index are used. These are not ordinary candles. They must be tightened with a candle wrench by 16. The gap between the electrodes for carburetor engines should be in the range of 0.7-0.8 mm, with a fuel injection system of 1.00-1.13 mm; their appearance is shown on a color insert.
On 2111 engines, BOSCH Super spark plugs - W7DC, WR7DC, W7DP, WR7DP can be used.
For the 2U2 engine, BOSCH Super spark plugs are F7DC, FR7DC, F7DP, FR7DP. Candles with a letter «R» (platinum electrode) provide good engine starting and durability, but only require high-octane gasoline.
Accumulator battery
The battery is a very important source of electrical energy, and «dozens» its operation has its own characteristics. If you have to purchase a new battery, then you need to know what they are (battery serviced, low-maintenance and maintenance-free), and their brief description.
Serviced accumulators are usually with cell covers, gas is removed through the accumulator plug. The electrolyte level in each battery is regularly checked with a glass tube and distilled water is added if necessary. Such batteries are on sale both with electrolyte and dry-charged, into which electrolyte must be poured. These batteries are usually repairable, and if you keep them in good condition, they can last more than five years.
Low-maintenance batteries may have terminal covers. Gases can be removed through the central hole closed under the cover, or through each battery plug. The case can be transparent, and the electrolyte level can be checked by marks. If the case is not transparent, then the level can be checked with a glass tube. Batteries may have indicators showing the state of charge. If there is no indicator, then the degree of charge is determined by a hydrometer.
The third group is unattended during the entire service life. Batteries are maintenance-free, charge 2-3 times faster, have high starting currents, and last longer than others. But these batteries require accurate operation of the voltage regulator and are afraid of deep discharges. Batteries are sold filled and charged.
Do not disconnect the battery while driving or parked with the engine running. It is possible to disconnect the battery during parking, but only for a long time, and after each trip it is not recommended.
Disconnecting the battery will not affect the main memory program of the on-board computer. But random access memory, which keeps the state of individual nodes in memory, as well as basic driving skills, will be erased. True, after a while all this data will find its place in the computer's memory.
Generator and starter
The 2110 generator is different from the family «Samar». It has high speed and power. The crankshaft pulley for the generator drive has been changed and aligned with the damper. The damper helps reduce vibration and noise generated by the engine.
The pulley on the generator has been changed, since a multi-ribbed belt is used on the drive of high-speed generators, it is shown on the color insert.
The small-sized starter has more power than previously produced ones, and better starting properties. The planetary gearbox practically does not differ from the family «Samar» with modified attachment points.
The starter is a reliable element and can work for the whole life of your «friend». But there is one almost human factor. Drivers who are accustomed to the reliable start of the starter by turning the key on other models, when starting the engine at «top ten» do not pay attention to the return of the ignition key to its original position, and to the silent operation of the starter planetary gear. This leads to instant failure of the brushes. Therefore, when starting, listen to the operation of the engine, extraneous noise should alert you. Yes, and it does not interfere after starting to feel whether the key has returned to its original position or not.
Some tuning shops install an additional relay that turns off the starter immediately after starting the engine. With this modification, the starters work reliably.
Light fixtures for «dozen»
I always had to correct the driver when he said the words: «headlight glass cracked» etc. Automotive lighting devices do not have glasses, they have headlight lenses. Diffusers direct the flow of light at a certain angle and are a complex technical product, consisting of a strictly calculated combination of prisms and lenses. The European standard requires the light to be directed at a 90°angle, while the American standard requires it to be directed at a 60°angle.
A complex device on the headlight is also a reflector, which should reflect light as much as possible. But recently, many domestic and foreign firms made them very poorly, they quickly faded and rusted. And the use of halogen lamps with high luminous efficiency heated them up a lot, which forced them to impose increased requirements on the reflector coating.
German firm «BOSCH» has always been a trendsetter of new ideas in the field of lighting devices for cars. She developed a thermoset reflector «Lomike». This is a special plastic. The reflector made of this material also became a diffuser. It has a complex geometric shape. Such a reflector is called a variable focus reflector. In such a headlight, instead of a diffuser, there is a transparent glass, which now protects the internal headlights from dust and moisture.
The headlight has a reflector small in height, but the illumination from it is one and a half times greater than from a similar headlight with a different diffuser. A photo of the block headlight is shown on the color insert.
There are 3 sections in the headlight unit:
- 1 section - low beam - halogen lamps. The low beam optical element has a light distribution of the type «european beam» for cars with right-hand drive or for cars that are used in countries with left-hand traffic;
- 2 section - high beam - has a reflector with a variable focus that directs an accurate and powerful beam of light;
- Section 3 - for the direction indicator.
Two rear lights - each includes an outer and an inner light. The interior lamp with a red diffuser serves as a brake signal and a white lamp for the reverse traffic warning signal.
The outdoor lamp has a two-color diffuser. The red one is for the position warning light and the gray one is for the fog lamp. It also functions as a direction indicator and has a retroreflector.
Some drivers dim these rear lights, stick a dark special film. Why this is not possible, we will consider later.
At the beginning «dozens» such units were supplied directly from Germany. They are currently supplied by a joint venture «Bosch-Ryazan» from Ryazan, and they are practically not inferior to the German ones.
Fuse box
The fuse box for VAZ-2100 and VAZ-2112 cars is very different from the fuse box «Samar». At present and «Samara» install a modernized block similar to the block «dozen». The block is installed in the cabin on the left side of the driver. This is much more convenient than in the engine compartment. The dimensions of the relay have become smaller, and the block has become thinner, so it does not interfere with the driver.
There are eight relays in the block:
- K1 - lamp health monitoring relay,
- K2 - wiper relay,
- K3 - turn signal relay,
- K4 - dipped headlight relay,
- K5 - high beam relay,
- K6 - reserve relay,
- K7 - rear window heating relay,
- K8 - fog lamp relay.
There are twenty blade fuses in the block. Circuits protected by a fuse are specified in the instruction manual. The fuse number is indicated on the box of the mounting block. On vehicles with a fuel injection system, a controller and relay sockets with fuses are installed under the lining of the floor tunnel on the right side. It is desirable for every driver to know the fuse box, its relay and fuses, and even one who has a personal mechanic should be able to replace the fuse, and not tow him to a familiar mechanic «friend». It is advisable to have an instruction sheet on hand with a laid sheet on the page with fuses or a diagram of the mounting block.
Blade type fuses are more reliable and make good contact. Convenient to use. This will be especially noticeable if you have used tubular fuses before.
To check or replace the fuse, press the lock button on the fuse box, which is located on the left side of the driver at the bottom of the instrument panel under the headlight hydrocorrector handle. This will open the fuse box cover. Remove the special tweezers attached to the block, and use it to remove the fuse you need. Blown - Replace with a new fuse. Never try to replace a fuse with a jumper. This may cause a fire. Always carry a set of new fuses with you.
When buying, be careful. Most fakes with oils, coolants and fuses. Practice shows: the best fuses of the Pskov company «AVAR», unless it's fake.
Windshield wiper and washer help you drive safely
Every driver driving a car, especially after rain, has repeatedly experienced inconvenience if the brushes do not wash away all the dirt from the windshield. You have to turn your head to find a comfortable place for good visibility of the road. Operating experience «dozen» shows that the stock windshield wipers do not work very well as a wiper. The main disadvantages are uneven washing of dirt from the windshield, dirty stripes remain. They do not relieve the driver of the nasty sound of rubber on glass when the speed of the brushes is very high. You constantly have to hear their creaking. The most successful operating mode for windscreen wipers is intermittent operation with a pause. Or the pressure mode, when the abundance of a water jet and three or four strokes of the brushes put the glass in order, and then the wipers turn off for a certain time and their rather uncomfortable work is not audible.
Currently, there is a large selection of both domestic and imported wipers. There are a lot of bad reviews for the work of domestic brushes, both in terms of reliability of work and the quality of cleaning. So we can recommend to purchase imported brushes immediately after buying a car. In our opinion, the most convenient are the brushes of the company «Champion». We must always remember: a high-quality brush is the safety of your car.
In order for your brushes to keep your car safe, they must meet its requirements. The windshield of the car determines the design and size of the brush. When choosing a brush, you need to look at who made it and whether it fits your car model. This information can be found on the packaging.
The rubber element has a special coating with graphite grease or other special materials. This coating improves the glide of the brush on the glass. If a creak appears during movement, then it is necessary to change it. You can change the gum, it changes easily, but you need to be able to do it carefully. Pressed tendrils often break, and a strongly pressed tendril changes the evenness of the gum surface. It is better to change the windshield wiper assembly. Brushes work in a very aggressive environment: dirt, salt, ice, dust, sand, leaves and more are trying to destroy them. But the most interesting thing is that when they do not work in dry, sunny weather, they are also subject to destruction from ultraviolet rays and heat created by metal and glass in the sun.
What to do? When brushes were in short supply and were stolen, drivers removed the brushes and put them on in front of the road. The brush in the trunk is better preserved than in the sun. Maybe that's why they used to clean better. Or maybe they did better. You can periodically wipe the brushes with alcohol or washer fluid. Their service life is increased.
In winter, do not be lazy, remove ice and snow from the glass with a special scraper and do not start moving until the ice and snow thaw. One of the purposes of washer fluid is to reduce brush wear.
Many imported cars have «smart» wipers that automatically turn on when liquid gets on the glass or if it becomes dirty. This wiper works on the principle of transmitting light through the inner surface of the glass. If light is absorbed when the glass is not clear, then the LED turns on the wiper and washers.
A windshield wiper is currently being developed, in which the washer nozzle is built into the brush. Obviously, our future «dozens», and maybe «twenty» will have «smart» wipers.
Windshield washer fluids
Windshield washer fluid is a mixture of water and alcohol. Basically, all companies use methanol alcohol for these purposes, although many companies also use other alcohols.
One of the main properties of washer reservoir fluid is its detergent property. To increase its effectiveness, special additives are added to them. These additives include a surfactant - tenside.
Liquids should flow easily over the glass surface. This property can be checked by every buyer. To do this, drip on the glass. If the drop spreads well over the glass, then the liquid is good in this parameter.
The liquid should not freeze at low temperatures. The percentage of alcohol in the mixture ranges from 10 to 50%. As a rule, the pour point is indicated on the container label. But it's hard to believe it.
This liquid is inexpensive. It is recommended to use it not only in winter, but also in summer, and not only during rain and muddy roads, but also when driving on a clean asphalt road in summer, especially in the evening. The flow of midges clogs the glass so that the water cannot cope with cleaning. And these liquids do a better job of washing such glasses.