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Appendix No. 1. Scheme of electrical equipment: 1. Block headlight (headlight combined with front lamp). 2. Side direction indicators. 3. Rechargeable battery. 4. Starter enable relay. 5. Pneumatic valve of the carburetor idle system. 6. Piston top dead center sensor in the first cylinder. 7. Starter. 8. Carburetor microswitch. 9. Electric motors for headlight cleaners. 10. Generator. 11. Sound signals. 12. Spark plugs. 13. Engine compartment lamp. 14. Coolant temperature indicator sensor. 15. Oil pressure warning light sensor. 16. Ignition distributor. 17. Windshield washer motor. 18. Ignition coil. 19. Sensor of insufficient level of brake fluid. 20. Headlight washer motor. 21. Pneumatic valve control unit. 22. Diagnostic block. 23. Wiper relay. 24. Relay-breaker for direction indicators and alarms. 25. Wiper motor 26. Socket for portable lamp. 27. Stoplight switch. 28. Heater motor. 29. Additional heater motor resistor. 30. The switch of a control lamp of a parking brake. 31. Reversing light switch. 32. Mounting block. 33. Relay for turning on the dipped headlights. 34. Relay for switching on high beam headlights. 35. Jumper in place of the relay for turning on sound signals. 36. Relay for turning on the washer and headlight cleaners. 37. Relay for turning on the heated rear window. 38. Glove box lighting lamp. 39. Cigarette lighter. 40. Ceiling light switches located in the door pillars. 41. Plafond of interior lighting of the body. 42. Alarm switch. 43. Turn signal switch. 44. Headlight switch. 45. Horn switch. 46. Washer and windshield wiper switch. 47. Block of control lamps. 48. Ignition switch. 49. Switch-controller for instrument lighting. 50. Rear window heating element. 51. Sensor for level indicator and fuel reserve. 52. Switch for heating the rear window with a control lamp for switching on. 53. Heater motor switch. 54. Speedometer. 55. Instrument lighting lamp. 56. Control lamp high beam headlights. 57. A control lamp of indexes of turn 58. A control lamp of external illumination. 59. Parking brake warning lamp. 60. Control lamp for turning on the rear fog light. 61. A control lamp of level of a brake liquid. 62. Voltmeter. 63. Instrument cluster. 64. Battery charge control lamp. 65. Fuel level and reserve indicator. 66. Oil pressure warning lamp. 67. Coolant temperature gauge. 68. Relay-breaker of the parking brake warning lamp. 69. Outdoor lighting switch 70 Fog light switch in the rear lights. 71. Rear lights. 72. License plate lights. 73. Ignition relay.
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Application number 2. Electrical equipment diagram: 1. Block headlight (headlight integrated with headlight). 2. Side direction indicators. 3. Rechargeable battery. 4. Starter enable relay. 5. Pneumatic valve of the carburetor idle system. 6. Piston top dead center sensor in the first cylinder. 7. Starter. 8. Carburetor microswitch. 9. Electric motors for headlight cleaners. 10. Generator. 11. Sound signals. 12. Spark plugs. 13. Engine compartment lamp. 14. Coolant temperature indicator sensor. 15. Oil pressure warning light sensor. 16. Ignition distributor. 17. Windshield washer motor. 18. Ignition coil. 19. Sensor of insufficient level of brake fluid. 20. Headlight washer motor. 21. Pneumatic valve control unit. 22. Diagnostic block. 23. Wiper relay. 24. Relay-breaker for direction indicators and alarms. 25. Wiper motor. 26. Socket for portable lamp. 27. Stoplight switch. 28. Heater motor. 29. Additional heater motor resistor. 30. The switch of a control lamp of a parking brake. 31. Reversing light switch. 32. Mounting block. 33. Relay for turning on the dipped headlights. 34. Relay for switching on high beam headlights. 35. Jumper in place of the relay for turning on sound signals. 36. Relay for turning on the washer and headlight cleaners. 37. Relay for turning on the heated rear window. 38. Glove box lighting lamp. 39. Cigarette lighter. 40. Dome light switches located in the door pillars. 41. Plafond of interior lighting of the body. 42. Switch for heating the rear window with a control lamp for switching on. 43. Parking brake warning lamp. 44. Control lamp for turning on the rear fog light. 45. A control lamp of level of a brake liquid. 46. Washer and rear window wiper switch. 47. Alarm switch. 48. Relay-breaker of the parking brake warning lamp. 49. Turn signal switch. 50. Headlight switch. 51. Horn switch. 52. The switch for the wiper and washer of the windshield and headlights. 53. Block of control lamps. 54. Outdoor lighting switch. 55. Ignition switch. 56. Switch-controller for instrument lighting. 57. Fog light switch in the rear lights. 58. Coolant temperature gauge. 59. Instrument cluster. 60. Oil pressure warning lamp. 61. Fuel level indicator with a reserve control lamp. 62. Battery charge control lamp. 63. Voltmeter. 64. Speedometer. 65. Indicator lamp side light. 66. Indicator lamp for direction indicators. 67. Control lamp high beam headlights. 68. Instrument lighting lamp. 69. Heater motor switch. 70. Rear window washer motor. 71. Rear lights. 72. License plate lights. 73. Rear window heating element. 74. Rear window wiper motor. 75. Plafond lighting rear. 76. Sensor for level indicator and fuel reserve. 77. Ignition relay.
On VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 vehicles, a single-wire circuit for switching on electrical equipment is used, i.e. the second wire connecting consumers to power sources is the mass of the car. This scheme allows you to reduce the number of wires and simplify their installation.
The rated voltage of the power sources is 12 V. The negative terminals of the power sources and consumers are connected to ground. With this connection, corrosion of metal body parts due to electrochemical corrosion is reduced.
All electrical equipment of cars can be divided into the following main systems:
- 1) power supply system, which includes a battery and a generator with a voltage regulator;
- 2) engine start system, where the battery can also be attributed, then the starter and the corresponding contacts of the ignition switch;
- 3) an ignition system consisting of an ignition coil, a distributor and spark plugs, high voltage wires and corresponding ignition switch contacts;
- 4) a lighting and light signaling system that combines headlights, lanterns and related switches and relays;
- 5) control devices with sensors;
- 6) additional electrical equipment, which includes a windshield wiper and headlight cleaner, a windshield and headlight washer, a heater electric motor, a cigarette lighter and sound signals.
The operation and activation of all systems are controlled by appropriate switches, switches and relays.
The supply voltage to most consumers is supplied through the ignition switch. Switched circuits at various key positions are shown in Table 1.
The table shows the contact closure for the ignition switch, which was used until 1986. Since 1986, a contact part has been installed, in which instead of contacts "15/1" And "15/2" there is one common contact "15", making contact "30/1", and there is no contact "R". Voltage from the battery is supplied to the contacts "30" And "30/1".
The operation of some electrical components may be required at any time, including when the vehicle is stationary with the ignition off. Such nodes include sound signals and brake signal lamps in the rear lights, a socket 26 for a portable lamp, a ceiling lamp 41 for interior lighting and a power circuit for direction indicators in alarm mode. The power circuits of these nodes are connected directly to the generator battery line and can be turned on regardless of the position of the key in the ignition switch.
During the operation of the car, accidental short circuits are possible both in the wires and in the electrical equipment nodes themselves. They cause a sharp increase in current in the short-circuited section of the circuit and, if protective measures are not taken, can lead to a rapid discharge of the battery, overheating of the wires, melting of their insulation and ignition of the upholstery of the car.
The power circuits of most electrical equipment components on VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 vehicles are protected by fuses located in mounting block 32. It has seventeen fuses, but two of them are redundant.
the fuse is a thin plate of low-melting metal, fixed on a plastic base.
Fifteen fuses (black color) are rated for a maximum current of 8 A, and two (M5 and X7 - green) - at 16 A.
Before replacing a blown fuse, it is recommended that you review the circuits it protects in order to troubleshoot the problem that caused it to blow. It is not allowed to install homemade or any other fuses that are not provided for by the design of the car.
The largest number of fuses is installed in the lighting system, since it has the most extensive and extended network of wires and is therefore most susceptible to damage and short circuits with "weight". To protect the lanterns, a cross scheme has been adopted, i.e. fuse 14 protects the side light lamps in the left headlight and right rear light, and fuse 15 protects the side light lamps in the right headlight and left rear light.
Table 2 lists the targets protected by fuses. Since 1988, the fog lamps in the tail lamps are not protected by the N17 fuse, but by a separate fuse located in the wires next to the fog light switch. Also, since 1988, the glove box lighting lamp is protected not by the N2 fuse, but by the N15 fuse.
Part of the electrical equipment systems, the operation of which is required in emergency situations, is not protected by fuses. So, the engine ignition system is not protected by fuses, so as not to introduce an extra element into it, which reduces the reliability of the system in operation. The engine start circuit is also not protected so as not to reduce the reliability of the start. In addition, the battery charge circuit is not protected by fuses, since the generator is connected to the battery with a short wire and the introduction of a fuse would complicate the circuit. Also, the windings of the relay for switching on the dipped and main beam headlights are not protected by fuses.
The headlight cleaner motors are additionally protected either by a fuse located in the power supply wire to the electric motor, or by a bimetallic fuse located in the electric motor itself.
For the convenience of car maintenance, in addition to fuses, auxiliary relays are also located in the mounting block, including headlights, headlight cleaners and washer, rear window heating. Jumper 35 is installed instead of the relay for turning on sound signals, because. an auxiliary relay is not required to turn on the sound signals of VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 cars.
The mounting block is located in the right rear part of the engine compartment and through it the electrical components of the electrical equipment located in the engine compartment are electrically connected to the electrical components of the passenger compartment and the rear of the body. The electrical connections inside the mounting block are provided by the PCB block. From above, the mounting block is closed with a transparent plastic cover, on which a symbol is applied against each fuse and relay - a symbol showing which units of electrical equipment this fuse or relay protects or turns on.
Vehicles can be equipped with mounting blocks of domestic production or made in Slovenia. The latter are non-separable and cannot be repaired. If internal connections are broken, they must be replaced with new ones. Domestic mounting blocks can be disassembled and replaced with a printed circuit board block. Soldering of wires is allowed to replace burned-out current-carrying tracks on printed circuit boards, unless this requires disconnecting the printed circuit boards.
When checking the health of the car's electrical circuit, it is not allowed to short the wires to ground, as this can lead to burnout of the current-carrying tracks of the mounting block.
When repairing a car and an electrical system, it is imperative to disconnect the wire from the terminal "minus" battery.
The wires that carry current from power sources to consumers operate on a car in harsh conditions. They are exposed to vibrations and large temperature differences. Gasoline and oil can get on them. Therefore, on VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 vehicles, flexible low-voltage wires of the PVA type are used. These wires have flexible polyvinylchloride insulation, resistant to oil, gasoline and operable in the temperature range from -40 to +105°C. The flexibility of the wires is ensured by the manufacture of a conductive core from a large number of soft copper wires (from 19 for a wire with a cross section of 1 mm to 84 for a wire with a cross section of 16 mm2).
To make it easier to find the wires in bundles, their insulation is colored in different colors: white, blue, yellow, green, brown, red, orange, pink, gray, purple and black. In addition, longitudinal or spiral stripes of white, red or black colors can be applied to the surface of the insulation.
When current passes through the wires, the voltage drops and the wires heat up. To ensure that heating and voltage drop do not exceed the permissible limits, it is necessary to select the appropriate cross-section of the conductive conductors of the wires. The greater the electric current flows, the larger the cross section of the wire core should be. Therefore, on cars, wires with different cross-sections of the core are used: 16; 6; 4; 2.5; 1 and 0.75 mm2.
The thickest wires with a cross section of 16 mm are connected to "weight" battery and engine, as well as a starter with a battery. These wires carry the highest current when the engine is started by the starter. At the wire that connects to "weight" engine, one tip is welded to the body, and the other is bolted to the clutch housing. The tip of the wire connecting the battery to the ground is bolted to the amplifier of the upper cross member of the radiator frame, and the bolt is wrapped in a nut welded to the amplifier.
The battery and the generator are connected with a 6 mm wire, since a rather significant current also flows through this wire when the battery is charging, as well as when the engine is not running, when all consumers are powered from the battery. Wire section 6 mm2 the generator is also connected to the black block of the mounting block. Current flows through this wire, supplying most of the consumers. Wires with a cross section of 4.2.5 and 1.5 mm are shown in table 3.
The rest of the wires, not listed in the table, carry an electric current of relatively small force, and they have a cross section of the core 0.75-1 mm.
The wires are connected to the electrical equipment nodes and interconnected using convenient quick connectors. An exception is the connection of wires to the battery, to the bolt "30" alternator, to the starter power bolt, and to the low voltage terminals of the ignition coil. At these critical connections, the wire lugs are clamped with nuts to ensure maximum reliability of the connections.
To protect electrical connections from water and dirt, protective rubber caps cover the lugs of the high voltage wires, the sensors for the coolant temperature indicator and the oil pressure warning lamp, as well as the terminal "+" battery and terminal "30" generator. The rear of the side indicators, which is located under the front fenders and is constantly exposed to dust and dirt, is also closed with a rubber cap.
To facilitate installation, all wires are bundled.
Wires in bundles are wrapped with adhesive tape or enclosed in plastic tubes. Between themselves and with many nodes of electrical equipment, the bundles are connected using multi-terminal plug connectors, which reduces the possibility of tangling wires during installation. The plastic sockets of the plug connectors are equipped with spring latches that prevent accidental disconnection of the wires due to vibration. There are six bundles of wires in total. Of these, three are in the engine compartment and three in the passenger compartment.
The engine compartment contains the wire bundles for the left and right mudguards and the battery wire bundle. The bundle of wires of the left mudguard is laid along the bulkhead to the left mudguard, and the bundle of wires of the right mudguard along the right mudguard. Bundles of wires are attached to the mudguards with plastic clamps, and to the bulkhead shield - with steel brackets welded to the body. The fastening of the bundles should be such that they are not too tight, but also not dangling, as this can lead to chafing of the wires during shaking and shorting them to "mass".
In the passenger compartment there are also three bundles of wires for the instrument panel, a bundle of wires for the instrument panel and a rear bundle of wires.
The instrument panel wire bundle is routed under the instrument panel and has branches to switches, instruments and other electrical components. It is attached to the front cross member with plastic clamps and brackets and additionally to the heater air intake box with adhesive tape. Tip of two wires (black and white with black stripe), coming from the beam to "mass", is fixed on the bolt of the relay-interrupter of the direction indicators and alarm.
The rear bundle of wires goes from the mounting block, first down and then back along the right side of the body floor. Near the rear door pillar, it has a branch upwards to the interior light.
Along the cross member of the floor of the body in front of the rear seat, there is a branch to the ceiling switches mounted on the racks of the left doors. In the area of the rear window shelf there is a branch to the rear window heating element and to the level indicator and fuel reserve sensor. In addition, in this place there is also a branch to the license plate lights mounted on the trunk lid. This branch runs near the right hinge of the trunk lid and then along the right side of the lid to the lights.
The wires of the rear bundle are attached to the body with steel clips, adhesive tape and plastic clamps. Wire lugs (black), connecting ceiling lamps and lanterns with "weight", are attached to the body with self-tapping screws. wire lugs; connecting with "weight" level indicator and fuel reserve sensor, are mounted under the sensor mounting bolts and the right rear light.
Over the years of car production, changes were made to the scheme aimed at improving the reliability of the operation of individual components or related to the simplification of schemes. So, in 1985, voltage control in the on-board network using a test lamp was excluded, since a voltmeter is quite enough for this purpose. In 1986, the starter relay and the ignition relay were introduced. At the same time, a more reliable ignition switch was used. In 1988, a non-contact ignition system and a more powerful generator type 37.3701 began to be installed on parts of cars.
Features of the electrical circuit of VAZ-2104 cars
The wiring diagrams for the front of the VAZ 2105 and VAZ-2104 are the same. Due to the different shape of the rear part of the body on VAZ-2104 cars, only the rear wire bundle and a little wire bundle of the instrument panel have been changed.
Instead of one ceiling lamp for lighting the interior, located on the roof, two ceiling lamps 41 are installed on the door pillars and another ceiling lamp 75 for lighting the rear of the cabin. Rear lights 71 different design. Added a rear window wiper and washer and a corresponding switch on the instrument panel.
Just like on the VAZ-2105, the rear bundle of wires first passes along the right side of the body floor and has a branch in the right ceiling 41. Then, behind the rear transverse beam of the body floor, it is divided into two branches: one to the left and rear ceilings, the left rear lamp 71 and to the level indicator and fuel reserve sensor, and the other to the rear window washer pump and the right rear lamp. From the right rear light, the beam goes up along the rear pillar of the body and further along the right hinge of the rear door to the electrical equipment units installed on the rear door. These are the rear window cleaner, license plate lights and rear window heating.
The power circuits of the rear window cleaner and washer are protected by the N1 fuse of the mounting block, and the power supply circuit of the ceiling light 75 is protected by the N11 fuse.