- about the position of the throttle;
- the speed of its movement;
- frequency of rotation of the crankshaft;
- air temperature and, if necessary, turns on the electric heater;
- coolant temperature;
- analyzes the vacuum in the throttle space through the pressure sensor of the working mixture;
- monitors the operation of the idle speed controller and, having received information about the speed of movement, turns it off;
- receives information about engine speed;
- monitors with an oxygen sensor (if he is) for the percentage of oxygen in the exhaust manifold.
It receives this information every 7 ms and, in accordance with its program stored in the computer's memory, calculates the duration of the electrical pulse applied to the injectors, i.e., determines the time of its open state and the moment of injection of this amount of fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel combustion is more complete. It can stop the fuel supply for a certain period of time while driving. In addition, it stops the fuel supply when the maximum engine speed is reached and when the maximum speed is reached.
If a malfunction occurs in the power supply system, the control lamp lights up on the instrument panel «CE» - check the engine. The actions of the driver in this case are described in the instruction manual. Another significant advantage of a computerized injection system is that it allows you to automate engine diagnostics and troubleshooting. These systems have been working on serial foreign cars for many years, for more than 6 years on our serial cars and for more than 10 years on experimental cars and have shown trouble-free and stable operation. For «dozen», operating on distributed injection without converters and oxygen sensors, computers of a joint company are used «Bosch-Saratov» or domestic computer «January 5.1».
For «dozen», operating on distributed injection, with a converter and an oxygen sensor, computers are used «BOSCH MR 7.0» or «January 5.1», the same one, but with a different program.
The electronic brain of this computer is a program embedded in its memory. This program was developed by domestic specialists and can work both with one power supply system and with another. For example, on the label of the computer installed in your car, it says «January 5.1», its long catalog number and below the software code is Y5V05H16, where the numbers and letters indicate: Y5 - computer «January 5»; V - front-wheel drive cars; 3 and 4 digits of the code indicate the toxicity rate; 05 means Euro 2. Next comes the letter H, it can be from A to Z, the farther from the beginning of the alphabet, the more perfect the program. And the last 2 digits indicate the calibration; the larger the number, the newer the calibration. In our case, the calibration version is 16. Computers for certain groups, both domestic and German, can be replaced one with another.
What gasoline does the computer recommend to run the engine on?
We discussed earlier that the on-board computer receives information about the oxygen content, about the exhaust gases, and issues commands to maintain the optimal ratio of the fuel-air environment. But the zirconium sensor is very afraid of lead, which is found in excess in leaded gasoline. Lead and its oxides get into the exhaust gases, settle on the oxygen sensor and disable it; cover the coggact surface. Now the potential difference that the sensor produces corresponds to an excess of oxygen in the exhaust gases, and the computer issues a command to increase the fuel supply. The engine dynamics, stability of work deteriorate and fuel consumption increases significantly. In addition to the oxygen sensor, gasoline lead clogs the micropores of the converter and now it also gives false information about the conversion of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides into other components. The temperature regime in the exhaust gas system is also disturbed, which leads to mechanical destruction of the converter.
The first conclusion is that gasoline should be unleaded, with an octane rating of 95, of course, if the engine has a distributed injection system with a converter and an oxygen sensor. And the question immediately arises: what will happen if the car runs on leaded gasoline? You can find information about it in the literature, friends can talk about it, and you can even hear about it at a service station. Yes, the car will not stop, but the on-board computer will turn on the bypass program. And this will lead to increased toxicity. In our country, this is possible, because many ventilation hoses for the crankcase of a carburetor engine are not led into the carburetor, but under the car. Nothing, we endure while we are still alive. In addition, power, torque and economy are reduced. But these are already personal problems for each driver.
The multiport injection has nozzles with a small diameter at the outlet, and we already know that the fine filter should not let particles larger than 10 microns pass. Therefore, most of the malfunctions associated with the engine are not from the reliability of the engine elements, but from low-quality gasoline. And it does not matter at all whether you have a neutralizer or not.
Bad, or rather unsuitable for cars with injection, gasoline may not differ at all from normal in appearance and even in octane number. It is distinguished by the content of a large number of harmful impurities. For example, some entrepreneurs raise the octane number of cheap gasoline by adding solid hydrocarbons, naphthalene and other substances to it. This leads to severe contamination of the injectors.
Domestic gasoline contains resins, they settle on the nozzles and clog their outlets.
The content of various solvents, mechanical impurities and water in the fuel brings great harm to the fuel system. This can occur during transportation, transfer and storage of different liquids in the same containers and filling and draining hoses.
Where is the exit? How to check gasoline? How to be sure that you fill in good gasoline? If you care about your health «friend», constantly monitor the behavior of the car after refueling. Ask your friends where they know good gas stations. Currently there is a choice of petrol stations and petrols. Choose the best. The quality of gasoline directly depends on the appearance of the gas station, its equipment and hoses. Choose your toppings. And one more piece of advice. Cheap gasoline, as a rule, is of poor quality and is not topped up. More expensive gasoline is better quality and less underfilled. Operating experience suggests that the engine works better and more reliably «dozen» on good 92 gasoline than on bad 95.
The environmental protection system and the exhaust gas system will ensure the requirements of European standards
It consists of a crankcase ventilation system, a gasoline vapor control system and an exhaust gas exhaust system. During idling, gases from the crankcase enter the throttle space, and when the throttle is open, the gases enter the air filter and then combine with the working mixture. The gasoline vapor control system consists of a separator, an adsorber and a valve system. The separator collects gasoline vapor from the fuel tank and returns it to the tank in the form of condensate. At a certain vapor pressure, gasoline through the exhaust valve enters the adsorber, which is activated carbon. After a certain time, the on-board computer sends outside air to the adsorber, it is saturated with gasoline vapors and enters the throttle space, where it is then burned. The exhaust system consists of a front pipe with two pipes on engines 2110 and 2111 (and on 2112 two pipes with a wide flange. At the inlet of the pipe, a hole for the oxygen sensor), a metal body of the converter, a short resonator and a long muffler.
An oxygen sensor, or lambda probe, is a tube whose working fluid consists of zirconium dioxide. Its closed end is placed in the receiving tube, the open end remains outside the receiving tube and communicates with the atmosphere. If there is less oxygen in the exhaust gases than outside, a potential difference arises in the tube between the inner and outer parts of zirconium. The greater the potential difference, i.e., the different oxygen content in the exhaust gases and outside, the greater the voltage. It performs the function of a feedback between the exhaust gases and the composition of the air-fuel mixture at the inlet.