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1. Clutch fluid reservoir. 2. Front brake. 3. Stub axle. 4. Front wheel hub. 5. Front suspension spring. 6. Front brake disc. 7. Front shock absorber. 8. Lower arm front suspension. 9. The upper arm of the front suspension. 10. Anti-roll bar. 11. Expansion tank of the engine cooling system. 12. Cross member of the front engine mount. 13. Side direction indicator. 14. Sidelight. 15. Headlight. 16. Windshield washer fluid reservoir. 17. Oil filter. 18. Fuel pump. 19. Tank for hydraulic brake fluid. 20. Ignition distributor. 21. High voltage wires. 22. Battery. 23. Air filter. 24. Engine. 25. Clutch. 26. Gear lever. 27. Handbrake lever. 28. Steering wheel. 29. Additional muffler. 30. Rear suspension spring. 31. Rear shock absorber. 32. Fuel tank. 33. Light reflector (reflectors). 34. Rear turn signal. 35. Stoplight and position light. 36. Main muffler. 37. License plate lamp. 38. Rear brake. 39. Longitudinal rods of the rear suspension. 40. Rear axle. 41. Cable drive hand brake. 42. Rear propeller shaft. 43. Intermediate support cardan transmission. 44. Front driveshaft. 45. Ignition switch. 46. Elastic (elastic) driveline clutch. 47. Gearbox. 48. Brake pedal. 49. Clutch pedal.
On VAZ cars, a four-stroke carburetor engine with an overhead camshaft is installed. All engine components that require adjustment or maintenance are installed in easily accessible places.
The engine lubrication system is equipped with a full-flow oil filter 17 and is designed for the use of special oils with a complex of additives that provide the oil with high lubricating properties, oxidation resistance and allow operation in a wide temperature range.
The engine crankcase ventilation system is of a closed type, it ensures the exhaust of gases from the crankcase into the inlet pipeline and the inflow of fresh air filtered by a special filter element, increases the durability of the engine.
Engine cooling - liquid. Special coolant with low freezing point and high boiling point, does not affect metals and rubber. The fluid is filled at the factory and does not require replacement for two years.
The cooling system is of a closed type with a bypass channel and an expansion tank 11, which compensates for changes in the volume and pressure of the liquid when the engine is heated.
The water pump is driven by a wedge rubber belt. A four-bladed plastic fan is mounted on the pump shaft.
The thermostat in the cooling system is used to accelerate the heating of the engine, its intake system and to automatically ensure the thermal regime of the engine.
The tubular-lamellar radiator is mounted on two rubber pads and is attached to the front of the body with two bolts through steel spacers and rubber bushings. A body heater is included in the engine cooling system, into which liquid enters from the cylinder head through a valve and is discharged to the pump.
The exhaust system is equipped with two silencers 29 and 36 in series.
The power supply system includes an air filter 23, a fuel tank 32, a fuel pump 18 and a carburetor. The downdraft carburetor has two mixing chambers in series. The carburetor is equipped with a high efficiency dry type air filter, which has a paper filter element with an additional cleaner made of non-woven synthetic fiber. Fuel tank 32 is located in the trunk. The filler neck is located on the VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2103 cars on the right rear side of the body, and on the VAZ-2102 - on the left.
The engine block, clutch housing and gearbox housing are interconnected and form a compact power unit, which is mounted on a car at three points on rubber cushions.
The torque from the crankshaft of the engine to the driving rear wheels of the car is transmitted through the mechanisms and components that make up the transmission of the car. The transmission includes: clutch, gearbox, cardan gear, main gear, differential and axle shafts. The cars are equipped with a single-disk dry clutch 25 with a diaphragm pressure spring, with a torsional vibration damper (damper) on the slave drive.
The clutch is controlled by a foot pedal 49 with a servo spring and a hydraulic release drive with a fluid reservoir mounted on the front panel of the vehicle.
Gearbox 47 has four forward gears. All forward gears have synchronizers, which, before the gears are engaged, equalize the rotation speeds of the connected parts. The selection of gear ratios provides the car with confident starting, good acceleration and high efficiency. The shift lever 26 is located on the floor of the body.
The cardan gear, consisting of two shafts 42 and 44 with an intermediate support 43 and equipped with two cardan joints on needle bearings and a rubber clutch 46, transmits torque from the gearbox to the main gear.
The main gear, consisting of a pair of bevel gears with hypoid helical teeth, increases the supplied torque and transmits it at right angles to the axle shaft. The transmission of torque from the driven gear to the axle shaft occurs through a bevel differential with two satellites. The differential provides the driving wheels of the car (left and right) rotation at a different speed when cornering.
The undercarriage of the car consists of suspension units of the front and rear wheels with shock absorbers and anti-roll bar 10 in the front suspension, wheel hubs 4 and wheels with tires.
Suspension of the front wheels - independent, lever-spring, with twisted coil springs 5, with double-acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers 7 to dampen body vibrations on elastic suspension elements; equipped with a stabilizer bar 10 to increase the stability of the car and two compression buffers that limit the suspension travel.
Twisted cylindrical springs 5 of the suspension are placed between the lower levers and the supports of the mudguards.
The torsion stabilizer bar 10 of the transverse stability, which reduces the lateral inclination of the body when cornering and reduces the lateral swaying of the body, is connected to the body and lower arms using brackets covering the rubber pads of the stabilizer bar.
Hydraulic shock absorbers 7, located inside the spring 5, have an eye in the lower part for attachment to the lower arm, and in the upper part, a rod with a threaded end for attachment to the body.
The hub 4 of the front wheel rotates on two tapered roller bearings mounted on the trunnion 3.
The rear wheel suspension consists of two cylindrical coil springs 30 with double- acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers 31, four longitudinal 39 and one transverse rods, two compression buffers located at the ends of the rear axle beam DO, and one central located in the middle. Twisted springs 30 with rubber insulating rings at the top and plastic ones at the bottom rest with their upper end in the body, and with their lower end on cups welded to the rear axle beam.
Shock absorbers 31 of the rear suspension are installed outside the springs and are attached from above to the body, from below - to the ends of the rear axle beam through conical rubber bushings. Attached to the floor of the body above the axle beam 40, rubber buffers are designed to mitigate possible impacts of the rear axle beam that can occur when driving on unpaved roads. The buffer above the front neck of the final drive housing limits the upward movement of the crankcase, preventing the cardan shaft from touching the floor of the body.
The wheels of the car are disc, stamped, with removable decorative caps. Tires of diagonal or radial type with chambers are mounted on the wheels. The front wheels are fixed with five bolts to the flanges of the hub 4, the rear wheels - to the flanges of the axle shafts. Wheels with tires assemblies are balanced statically and dynamically using weights mounted on the rim.
Control mechanisms, which include steering and brakes, are used to change the direction of movement, braking the car and keeping it stationary.
The steering consists of a steering mechanism and a steering gear that transmits power from the driver to the steered wheels.
The steering wheel 28 turns the front wheels through the steering mechanism and the drive, thereby changing the direction of the car.
The crankcase of the worm gear of the steering mechanism is attached from the inside of the engine compartment to the left side member of the body. On the opposite side, a pendulum arm bracket is attached to the right side member.
The steering drive consists of two levers of the steering trapezoid, a bipod, a pendulum lever and three rods: one middle and two extreme. The middle link is one-piece, has ball joints at the ends for connection with the pendulum lever and the steering arm. Each end rod consists of two threaded ends connected to each other by split adjusting sleeves. By rotating them, they change the length of the side rods and adjust the toe-in. The adjusting couplings are fixed on the rods with coupling collars. Each of the extreme rods has ball joints at the ends for connection with the levers of the pivot pins, the pendulum lever or the steering arm.
The brake system of the car is used to reduce the speed of movement, stop and hold the car in a stationary state and has two independently operating drives.
The working brake system is hydraulically driven to the wheel brake mechanisms, controlled by a suspension-type pedal 48 and acts on all wheels.
Parking and reserve system (emergency) braking - the handbrake is controlled by lever 27, mounted on the floor between the front seats; The brake only works on the rear wheels.
The hand brake has a mechanical cable drive 41.
The front brakes are disc, consisting of a disc 6 and a caliper. The disc 6 is attached to the wheel hub 4, and the caliper, covering the brake disc, is attached to a bracket mounted on the pivot pin. Inside the caliper are wheel hydraulic cylinders with pistons that transmit force to pads with friction linings.
Rear brakes 38 - drum, with self-aligning shoes, driven by a single cylinder with two pistons or by a mechanical drive lever. The aluminum rear brake drum has a cast iron working ring.
Hydraulic brake drive consists of two independent circuits (systems) braking of the front and rear wheels, so there are two tanks 19 for brake fluid or a tank with two containers for brake fluid, and in the main cylinder there are two independent cavities with two pistons. Two independent systems are introduced for safety: in case of damage to one.
of them (fluid leakage and pipeline damage) the second remains in operation.
A pressure regulator is installed in the hydraulic drive to the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels, which corrects the braking pressure of the rear wheels depending on the load on them. The regulator is controlled by a torsion lever, which is attached at one end through an earring to the rear axle, and at the other end is connected to the regulator piston.
The electrical equipment of cars is made according to a single-wire circuit, in which the negative terminals of sources and consumers of electricity are connected to a mass that acts as a second wire.
The current sources in the system are an alternator with a built-in semiconductor rectifier and a 6ST-55 lead storage battery.
The ignition system includes an ignition coil, an ignition distributor with an interrupter, high and low voltage wires, spark plugs and an ignition switch.
The system of lighting and light signaling of cars provides near and far lighting of the road, marking the size of the car with signal lights in the parking lot, lighting of instrumentation and interior lighting of the body, as well as light signaling about the turn of the car and the operation of individual engine and car systems.
The main outdoor lighting devices are headlights, sidelights, side direction indicators, rear lights, reflectors and a license plate light.
The salon is illuminated by two ceiling lamps and, in addition, there are lamps for lighting devices, a glove box and a cigarette lighter.
To illuminate the engine compartment, there is an under-hood lamp with a push-button switch built into the cartridge. The underhood lamp turns on when the hood is opened. The trunk is illuminated by a lamp connected by a wire to the parking lights.
VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 vehicles are equipped with a combination of instruments, consisting of a speedometer combined in one housing with a distance meter, a fuel gauge in the tank with a fuel reserve lamp and a liquid temperature gauge in the engine cooling system. In addition, the instrument cluster has six more indicator lamps.
Radio receivers mod. A-370 or RA-3602 with AP-108 antenna for both radios.
The body of the car VAZ-2101 of the supporting structure is four-door, all-metal.
The front doors with a front hinge have two safety glasses: the front one is swivel with a handle and lock, the rear one is lowering, driven by the window handle. The front doors are locked with a key from the outside and a button from the inside; the locked door can be opened with the inside handle.
The rear doors with a front hinge have two safety glasses: the front one is lowered with a handle drive, the rear one is fixed. The rear door lock has a lock: the door is locked from the inside with a button; a locked door cannot be opened with the inside handle. Locking of doors is carried out by locks of rotary type.
The hood, which opens in the direction of vehicle movement, is hung on the body along the front edge and secured at the back at one point with a lock; The hood lock handle is located inside the body under the instrument panel on the left side.
The trunk is located in the rear of the body. The tailgate lock is locked and unlocked with a key. The trunk contains a spare wheel, a jack, a bag and a box with a set of driver's tools and accessories.
The wind and rear windows have safety panoramic glass. Wind - polished, three-layer, rear - hardened. Glasses are sealed with rubber seals with decorative metallized plastic edging.
The front and rear bumpers are all-stamped, steel, chrome-plated, equipped with two metal fangs, on which plastic linings are fixed.
The instrument panel has a soft energy-absorbing coating and decorative overlays.
The front seats with reclining backs for the most comfortable fit move on sleds along the floor of the body and have an adjustable backrest. The longitudinal movement of the seat is fixed by a latch, which is disengaged by pressing the handle located at the front inner edge of the seats.
A mechanism mounted on the outside of the seat provides coarse and fine adjustment of the seat back. To return the seat back to its original position, simply pull the handle up.
The back seat is fixed.
Armrests on all doors — plastic; ashtrays are built into the armrests of the rear seats.
The front and rear of the floor are covered with rubber mats, while the luggage compartment floor is covered with a plastic mat. The inner upholstery of the body, including the upholstery of the seats, is made of polyvinyl chloride leatherette on a knitted and fabric basis and a polyvinyl chloride film of various colors and patterns. The headlining is padded all over with glass wool, while the B-pillars and windscreen pillars are upholstered in semi-rigid plastic.
Various mastics, textile-bitumen and felt materials and rubber mats were used for heat and noise insulation of the body, elimination of vibration of its metal panels, as well as for protection against corrosion.
Dust and water resistance of the body is ensured by the use of sealing mastics at the joints of parts and rubber seals in the openings of doors, trunk and windows.
The standard equipment of the car is:
- a body heating and ventilation system, which includes a heater with a fan and casings that direct the air flow to blow the windshield and heat the body;
- two-speed windshield wiper;
- windshield washer with diaphragm type pump and manual drive;
- an interior rear-view mirror with a handle for switching the mirror to a position in which the headlights of the vehicle coming behind do not dazzle the driver;
- exterior mirror located on the front fender on the driver's side;
- sun visors with soft padding, which are mounted on hinged brackets, allowing the visors to be placed forward at the top of the windshield or on the side of the door window;
- cigarette lighter - electric, with automatic shutdown;
- ashtrays in the armrests of the rear seats and on the instrument panel;
- handrails installed above the doorways;
- clothes hooks on the rear rails.
Each vehicle leaves the factory with a jack, a manual tire inflation pump and pressure gauge, a hand lamp, a crank and a tool kit. The tool and accessories are placed in a bag and a plastic box.
Features of the device car VAZ-2102
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1. Rear light. 2. Tailgate handle with lock. 3. License plate lamp. 4. Tailgate. 5. Rear seat armrest. 6. Plafond interior lighting. 7. Dashboard. 8. Instrument cluster. 9. Deflectors that direct the air flow to the windshield. 10. Grille of the air intake of the ventilation and heating system of the body. 11. Sliding glass front door. 12. Front seat. 13. External front door handle. 14. Sliding rear door glass. 15. Rear seat cushion. 16. Back support. 17. Rear seat back. 18. Exterior rear door handle. 19. Rear seat backrest latch. 20. Side window. 21. Side direction indicator. 22. Sidelight. 23. Far and low beam. 24. High beam ball. 25. Wiper arms with brushes. 26. Exhaust ventilation grille. 27. Middle rear seat armrest. 28. External rear-view mirror.
Unlike the device of the VAZ-2101 car described above, the VAZ-2102 car has a body type «station wagon» with four side doors and one rear.
The tailgate 4 is a single-leaf type with upper hinges and fixed glass for access to the luggage compartment. In the open raised position, the door is held by a special torsion bar. The outer handle 2 of the tailgate has a lock with a key for locking the door from the outside. The rear side doors have a frame and glass of a modified shape, and an additional fixed glass 20 is located in the sidewall behind the rear door.
The volume of the luggage compartment can be further increased by reclining the cushion 15 and backrest 17 of the rear seat. Cushion 15 in the reclined position protects the front seats and limits the luggage compartment, and the backrest 17, installed in a horizontal position, increases the floor area.
To illuminate the luggage compartment, a ceiling lamp with a built-in switch is installed.
The spare wheel and the driver's tool are located in a special compartment under the cargo area of the luggage compartment.
The fuel tank is located under the rear floor of the body, and the filler manhole cover is located on the left side of the vehicle.
In the VAZ-2102 car, unlike the VAZ-2101 car, the shape and location of the license plate light 3, rear lights 1, brake light and direction indicator have been changed.
The springs of the rear suspension of the car are installed differently, withstanding heavy loads. The wheels have a wider rim, larger tires.
Features of the device car VAZ-2103
Chassis. Wheels with a wider rim are installed and radial tires are used in size 165-13R.
Steering. A new steering wheel has been installed.
Brakes. A vacuum booster has been introduced into the brake drive system, a device for automatically setting the gap between the pads and the drum has been added to the rear brakes, and there is a device in the tanks to signal a low level of brake fluid. The vacuum booster is mounted on a modified bracket for the clutch and brake pedals.
At the hand brake, the design of the drive lever has been changed.
Electrical equipment. The placement of the battery in the front compartment has been changed and a cover has been added to protect the battery plugs. A four-headlight outdoor lighting system with a headlight relay has been introduced. Sidelight 22 with two lamps in a housing divided by a partition, has a two-color diffuser; white - in the area of the side light lamp and orange - in the area of the direction indicator lamp. The design of side direction indicators 21 has been changed. The rear lights of the new design are combined with reflectors, which are glued to the red part of the diffuser.
A reversing light has been added to the exterior lighting system, mounted under the rear bumper; has a white plastic diffuser and lights up when reverse gear is engaged (if outdoor lighting is on).
At the bottom of the front doors, at the end, there are open door signaling lights with a red diffuser, which light up when the doors are opened, indicating the size of the parked car with the door open.
The car is equipped with two sound signals of a changed tone, horn type with a relay for turning on sound signals.
The instrument panel has been redesigned, an oil pressure gauge, an engine tachometer, an electric clock, an alarm for closing the carburetor air damper and an insufficient level of brake fluid in the tanks have been added. A daily trip counter has been added to the speedometer.
Body. In the car, the front of the body, exterior cladding, interior upholstery and seats are designed in a new way, the front and rear fenders, hood, trunk lid, bumpers, exterior and interior rear-view mirrors have been structurally changed. A folding middle armrest 27 is installed on the rear seat, and semi-rigid armrests with an energy-absorbing plastic layer on a metal frame are installed on the doors.
The hood has a heat and sound insulating gasket attached with special buttons. The air intake grilles are made of metallized plastic.
The trunk is lined on the inside with a molded plastic sheet. The spare wheel is covered with a special cover.
The instrument panel has a redesigned ashtray and plastic-coated trim. At the bottom of the instrument panel there is a radio receiver panel, in which a radio receiver and a loudspeaker can be installed.
The central part of the cushion and seat backs is covered with cloth.
The front and rear floors are covered with molded synthetic carpets, the luggage compartment floor is covered with a plastic mat.
The differences in body equipment are as follows:
- the body ventilation system has suction through the rear roof pillars;
- outside the exhaust ventilation openings are closed with special gratings 26;
- the wiper has modified levers 25 and brushes, elongated by 30 mm compared to the VAZ-2101;
- the windshield washer has a foot-operated pump and a larger reservoir;
- the internal mirror, enlarged in size, is fixed on a ball joint and, for safety purposes, breaks off the bracket when it hits the mirror;
- exterior mirror 28, located on the left front door, has a hinged mounting bracket;
- side ashtrays are installed in the panels of the rear doors.