Steering
1 – lateral thrust; 2 – bipod; 3 – medium thrust; 4 – pendulum lever; 5 – adjusting coupling; 6 – lower ball joint of the front suspension; 7 – right steering knuckle; 8 – Upper ball joint of the front suspension; 9 – right steering knuckle arm; 10 – Upper steering shaft bearing; 11 – steering shaft mounting bracket; 12 – steering shaft mounting bracket pipe; 13 – upper steering shaft; 14 – pendulum arm bracket; 15 – pendulum lever axis; 16 – steering gear housing; 17 – shaft seal; 18 – worm shaft; 19 – cardan joint; 20 – intermediate steering shaft; 21 – facing casing; 22 – windshield wiper and washer switch lever and headlight; 23 – headlight switch lever; 24 – direction indicator switch lever; 25 – steering wheel; 26 – front bracket fixing plate; 27 – universal joint mounting tie bolt; 28 – body side member
Section of the steering gear housing
1 – Bipod shaft adjusting screw plate; 2 – adjusting screw of the bipod shaft; 3 – adjusting screw nut; 4 – oil filler plug; 5 – mechanism housing cover; 6 - worm; 7 – steering gear housing; 8 – bipod; 9 – nut for fastening the bipod to the shaft; 10 – spring washer for bipod mounting nut; 11 – knuckle shaft seal; 12 – bronze sleeve of the bipod shaft; 13 – bipod shaft; 14 – roller of the bipod shaft; 15 – worm shaft; 16 – upper ball bearing; 17 – lower ball bearing; 18 – adjusting shims; 19 – lower worm bearing cover; 20 – roller axis; 21 – needle bearing; 22 – worm shaft seal; B, C – marks A – coincidence of marks
The vehicle is equipped with a worm gear steering system and a safety steering column. The steering shaft is composite and consists of an upper 13 (see fig. Steering) and intermediate shaft 20. Shaft 18 of the worm and upper shaft 13 are connected to each other by intermediate shaft 20 with cardan joints at the ends. Joints on needle bearings, non-separable.
The upper shaft is installed in the bracket pipe 11 on two needle bearings with rubber bushings. The bearings in the pipe are rolled. Bracket 11 is attached to the body panel bracket at four points: from below with bolts with fixing plates 26, from above - on welded bolts with nuts and washers.
In a head-on collision, the edges of the fixing plates are deformed and slip through the holes in bracket 11. Due to the folding of the steering shaft, the steering wheel moves away from the driver's chest area, which reduces the likelihood and severity of injury.
The worm shaft of this type of steering is long. At the bottom of the worm shaft, as well as at the end of the crankcase 7 (see fig. Section of steering gear housing) steering mechanism marks are made in the form of marks B and C, when they coincide, the roller of the pitman shaft is installed in the middle of the worm. In this case, the steering wheel hub should be located horizontally.
The steering gear housing is attached to the left side member 28 (see fig. Steering) body from the inside of the engine compartment with three bolts.
In the crankcase 7 (see fig. Section of steering gear housing) a worm 6 is located, which is in engagement with a double-ridge roller 14 of a shaft 13 of a pitman arm. The gear ratio of the worm pair is 16.4. The worm rotates in the upper 16 and lower 17 bearings, the balls of which are located on the raceways of the worm ends. The axial clearance in the worm bearings is adjusted by selecting gaskets 18 between the crankcase and cover 19. The pitman arm shaft rotates in two bushings 12 pressed into the crankcase of the steering gear. On the upper end of the shaft, on a needle bearing, roller 14 rotates, and on the lower end of the shaft, which has conical splines, a pitman arm 8 is put on and secured with a nut 9. In the splined hole of the pitman arm, two double depressions are made, and on the shaft - two double projections. Therefore, the pitman arm can be installed on the shaft only in one position.
The engagement of the roller with the worm is adjusted by screw 2. The axial clearance between the screw head and the shaft groove is eliminated by selecting adjusting plates 1.
The steering drive includes three rods - the middle 3 (see fig. Steering) and two outer 1, as well as pitman arm 2, pendulum arm 4 with bracket 14 and pivot arms 9 of steering knuckles 7. The middle rod is one-piece, has ball joints at the ends for connection with the pendulum arm and steering knuckle. Each lateral rod consists of two threaded ends connected to each other by an adjusting coupling 5. The couplings are fixed on the rods using tension clamps. By rotating the coupling 5, the length of the lateral rod changes when adjusting the toe-in of the front wheels. The ends of the outer rods are connected by means of hinges to the levers 9 of the steering knuckles, to the pendulum arm 4 and to the steering knuckle 2.
The ball joint of the rods consists of a steel pin 1 (see Fig. Cross-section of the tie rod ball joint), the spherical head of which is covered by a conical split plastic insert 4, which is pressed by a spring 5 to the body 3, due to which tension is created in the connection of the pin with the insert and the rod end.
Bracket 14 (see fig. Steering) the pendulum arm is secured with two bolts to the right side member of the body opposite the steering gear housing. In bracket 2 (see Fig. Section of the pendulum arm bracket) two plastic bushings 8 are installed, in which the axis 9 rotates. The end seal of the bushings is provided by seals 7 and washers 6 and 10.