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Pic. 13. Clutch.
1. Pressure spring; 2. Friction lining of the driven disk; 3. Rivet pressure spring; 4. Driven disk; 5. Torsional vibration damper rivet; 6. Front damper plate; 7. Rear damper plate; 8. Driven disc hub; 9. Damper spring; 10. Pressure plate; 11. Flywheel; 12. Clutch cover; 13. Clutch housing; 14. Transmission input shaft; 15. Plate connecting the pressure plate to the clutch cover; 16. Compression spring retainer; 17. Pressure spring ring; 18. Connecting plate thrust flange and clutch cover; 19. Thrust flange friction ring; 20. Connecting plate rivet; 21. Thrust flange pressure spring; 22. Clutch release bearing; 23. Coupling spring fork and bearing clutch; 24. Clutch release bearing; 25. Damper friction rings; 26. Spring washer support ring; 27. Spring washer damper; 28. Ball joint of the clutch release fork; 29. Clutch release fork spring; 30. Clutch release fork pusher; 31. Clutch release fork; 32. Clutch release slave cylinder; 33. Release spring for the clutch release fork.
1. Pressure spring; 2. Friction lining of the driven disk; 3. Rivet pressure spring; 4. Driven disk; 5. Torsional vibration damper rivet; 6. Front damper plate; 7. Rear damper plate; 8. Driven disc hub; 9. Damper spring; 10. Pressure plate; 11. Flywheel; 12. Clutch cover; 13. Clutch housing; 14. Transmission input shaft; 15. Plate connecting the pressure plate to the clutch cover; 16. Compression spring retainer; 17. Pressure spring ring; 18. Connecting plate thrust flange and clutch cover; 19. Thrust flange friction ring; 20. Connecting plate rivet; 21. Thrust flange pressure spring; 22. Clutch release bearing; 23. Coupling spring fork and bearing clutch; 24. Clutch release bearing; 25. Damper friction rings; 26. Spring washer support ring; 27. Spring washer damper; 28. Ball joint of the clutch release fork; 29. Clutch release fork spring; 30. Clutch release fork pusher; 31. Clutch release fork; 32. Clutch release slave cylinder; 33. Release spring for the clutch release fork.
The clutch provides smooth starting and silent gear changes. The principle of its operation is based on the transfer of torque from the flywheel to the input shaft of the gearbox due to the friction forces that arise between the surfaces of the flywheel 11, driven 4 and pressure 10 disks when they are compressed. The driven disk is located on the splines of the input shaft of the gearbox, it is clamped between the flywheel and the pressure disk by the force of the spring 1. And the pressure disk 10 together with the casing 12 are bolted to the flywheel. Thus, some parts have a permanent connection with the flywheel, others have a temporary connection due to friction forces when the clutch is engaged. The first parts make up the leading part of the clutch, the second part is the driven part. The removal of the pressure plate from the driven, i.e., the clutch is released, is carried out through a hydraulic drive.
The leading part of the clutch is made as an integral unit, which includes the clutch cover 12, the pressure plate 10, the central pressure spring 1 and the parts connecting them. This assembly is attached to the flywheel with six bolts and three dowel pins.
The clutch housing has a concave shape forming a cavity to accommodate the pressure spring and pressure plate. Inside the casing, one support ring 17 is welded, on which one side of the pressure spring rests. The pressure spring 1 is attached to the casing with rivets 3. The rivets pass through the oval holes of the pressure spring. Another support ring 17 rests against the heads of these rivets. Such an articulated connection allows the spring to bend relative to the support rings. The pressure spring is stamped from spring steel. Radial slots divide its surface into individual petals that act as clutch release levers. These petals are affected by the thrust flange 21, which is pressed against them due to the elasticity of the connecting plates 18. The friction ring 19 is glued to the outer surface of the thrust flange. Through the clamps, when the pressure spring is deflected relative to the support rings 17, the pressure plate is retracted from the driven one. Pressure plate 10 - cast iron. It has the shape of a ring with three tides. It is connected to the clutch housing by three pairs of elastic plates 15, which are riveted at one end to the lugs of the pressure plate, and at the other end to the clutch housing. This connection ensures the transmission of torque from the casing 12 to the pressure plate and at the same time the axial movement of the pressure plate inside the clutch casing.
The driven part of the clutch consists of a driven disc 4 with friction linings 2 and a torsional vibration damper (damper). The disk is steel, T-shaped radial slots divide it into twelve petals. Each petal has a flat area and two bends (bulges), due to which the surface of the disk has a wavy shape. In order to maintain this shape, friction linings 2 are riveted to each petal independently of each other, one to the convex part of the petal, the other to the flat one. The heads of the rivets sink into the holes of the linings, and their rods are riveted from the disk side through the holes in the opposite lining. The driven disk is connected to the hub 8 not rigidly, but elastically through the damper parts. Such an elastic connection provides damping of torsional vibrations that occur in the transmission due to uneven operation of the engine and transmitted dynamic loads. The hub flange has six windows and three horseshoe cutouts. Thrust fingers 5 pass through the cutouts, which connect the front 6 and rear 7 damper plates and the driven disk 4. The same windows are made in the front and rear damper plates and in the driven disk as in the hub flange. Springs 9 are located in these windows, which are kept from falling out by the flanging of windows in both damper plates. The springs have different elasticity, which expands the area of the damper. The stiffer springs are painted lighter. They are installed between springs of lesser elasticity. Friction rings 25 are installed on both sides of the hub flange. The Belleville spring washer 27 creates a constant moment of friction between the surfaces of the friction rings and the hub flange through the support ring 26. In the event of torsional vibrations, with a sharp change in the speed of the vehicle or with a sharp engagement of the clutch, the driven disk moves along with the damper plates relative to the hub 8. In this case, the damper and spring friction element is activated. The resistance they create dampens shock loads and torsional vibrations, protecting transmission parts from breakage and intense wear. The action of the elastic element is limited by three thrust fingers 5, which abut against the horseshoe cutouts of the hub.
The clutch is disengaged through a hydraulic drive controlled by a pedal. The force from the clutch pedal through the drive is transmitted to the clutch release fork 31, and from it to the clutch 24 of the clutch release bearing. The fork 31 rests on the ball bearing 28 and is held on it by a flat spring 29, which is attached to the fork, and the ball bearing is screwed into the crankcase hole. A pusher 30 passes through the outer end of the fork, onto which an adjusting nut and a lock nut are screwed. The fork is pressed against the hemispherical surface of the adjusting nut by spring 33. To prevent the fork spring from flying off the pusher when disconnected, a cotter pin is installed at its end. At the outlet of the crankcase, the fork is sealed with a cover.
Clutch 24 of the clutch release bearing is located on the guide bushing of the front cover of the gearbox. The clutch release bearing 22 is pressed onto the clutch. To the tides of the clutch, the inner end of the clutch release fork is pressed by spring 23.
The adjusting nut of the pusher changes the gap between the clutch release bearing and the ring of the thrust flange 21, which should be 1.5-2 mm, which corresponds to the free play of the pusher 4-5 mm.