When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate, the traction relay does not operate
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| 1. The battery is faulty or completely discharged. | 1. Charge the battery or replace it. |
| 2. The battery terminals and wire ends are heavily oxidized; the tips are not tightened properly. | 2. Clean the terminals and wire ends, tighten and lubricate with Vaseline. |
| 3. Interturn short circuit in the pull-in winding of the traction relay, short circuit to ground or open circuit. | 3. Replace the traction relay. |
| 4. The starter relay is faulty. | 4. Clean the relay contacts. Replace the faulty relay. |
| 5. Break in the power supply circuit of the starter relay winding. | 5. Check the wires and their connections in the circuit between the ignition switch plug "50" and the relay plug "86". |
| 6. Contacts "30" and "50" of the ignition switch do not close. | 6. Replace the ignition switch contact part. |
| 7. Break in the power supply wires of the starter traction relay. | 7. Check the wires and their connections in the circuit: battery - starter relay - plug "50" of the traction relay. |
| 8. Seizure of the traction relay anchor. | 8. Remove the relay, check the ease of movement of the anchor. |
When the starter is turned on, the anchor does not rotate or rotates too slowly, the traction relay is triggered
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| 1. The battery is faulty or discharged. | 1. Charge the battery or replace it. |
| 2. The battery terminals and wire tips are oxidized; the tips are not tightened properly. | 2. Clean the terminals and wire ends, tighten and lubricate with Vaseline. |
| 3. The fastening of the wire ends connecting the power unit to the body or to the negative terminal of the battery has become loose. | 3. Tighten the wire end fasteners. |
| 4. The contact bolts of the traction relay are oxidized or the nuts securing the wire tips to the contact bolts are loose. | 4. Clean the contact bolts, tighten the wire fastening nuts. |
| 5. Commutator burnout, brushes sticking or wearing out. | 5. Clean the collector, replace the brushes. |
| 6. Open or short circuit in the stator or armature windings. | 6. Replace the stator or armature. |
| 7. Short circuit of the brush holder of the "positive" brush to "ground". | 7. Repair the short circuit or replace the cover on the manifold side. |
When the starter is turned on, the traction relay repeatedly operates and switches off
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| 1. The battery is discharged. | 1. Charge the battery. |
| 2. Large voltage drop in the power supply circuit of the traction relay due to severe oxidation of the wire tips. | 2. Check the wires and their connections in the circuit from the battery to the "50" plug of the traction relay. |
| 3. Open or short circuit in the holding winding of the traction relay. | 3. Replace the traction relay. |
When the starter is turned on, the anchor rotates, the flywheel does not rotate
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| 1. Slippage of the freewheel clutch. | 1. Check the starter on the stand, replace the clutch. |
| 2. Breakage of the clutch engagement lever or its axis jumping out. | 2. Replace the lever or reinstall its axle. |
| 3. Breakage of the clutch driver ring or buffer spring. | 3. Replace the coupling. |
Unusual noise from the starter when the anchor is rotating
| Cause of malfunction | Method of elimination |
| 1. The starter mount has become loose or its cover on the drive side is broken. | 1. Tighten the mounting nuts or repair the starter. |
| 2. The starter is mounted at an angle. | 2. Check the starter mount. |
| 3. Excessive wear of bearing bushings or anchor shaft journals. | 3. Replace the starter. |
| 4. The stator pole mount has become loose (the anchor touches the pole). | 4. Tighten the pole mounting screw. |
| 5. The teeth of the drive gear or flywheel rim are damaged. | 5. Replace the drive or flywheel. |
| 6. The gear does not disengage from the flywheel: | 6. Do the following: |
| - jamming of the drive lever; | - replace the lever; |
| - clutch jamming on the splines of the armature shaft; | - clean the splines and lubricate them with engine oil; |
| - the clutch or traction relay springs are weakened or broken; | - replace the clutch or traction relay; |
| - the retaining ring has slipped off the clutch hub; | - replace damaged parts; |
| - jamming of the traction relay anchor; | - replace the traction relay or eliminate the jam. |
| - the contact part of the ignition switch is faulty: contacts "30" and "50" do not open. | - check the correctness of the contact closure in different key positions; replace the faulty contact part. |