Open large image in new tab »
1. Windshield washer pump. 2. Connecting rod. 3. Crank. 4. Staple. 5. Electric motor. 8. Tube from tank to pump. 7. Windshield washer reservoir. 8. Filter. 9. Gear reducer. 10. Gear axle. 11. Spring plate. 12. Panel. 13, 14. Contact racks. 15. Cover. 16. Anchor shaft. 17. Gearcase cover. 18. Collector. 19. Brush. 20. Brush holder. 21. Corps. 22. Anchor core. 23. Permanent magnet. 24. Felt ring. 25. Sleeve. 26. Thrust bearing. 27. SL-191A wiper blade lever. 28. Lever spring. 29. Lever mounting spring. 30. The axis of the wiper leash SL-191A. 31. Internal equalizer. 32. Leash. 33. Intermediate thrust. 34. The axis of the wiper leash SL-191B. 35. Lever mounting nut. 36. Screw fastening the jet. 37. Atomizer. 38. Jet body. 39. Tube from the tee to the right jet. 40. Left jet. 41. Tee. 42. Tube from the tee to the left jet. 43. Tube from the pump to the tee. 44. Leash. 45. Inserts. 46. Spacer spring. 47. Bushings. 48. Felt. 49. Leash bracket. 50. Coupling screw. 51. Back cover. 52. Traverse. 53. Shunt coil of the stator winding. 54. Stator pole. 55. Front thrust bearing. 56. Thrust spring. 57. Cam 58. Contact disk. 59. Pusher spring. 60. Pusher. 61. Brake coil of the stator winding. 62. Serial stator winding coil.
Wiper
On VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 vehicles, SL-191A and SL-191 B windshield wipers are used, which have different fastening of the brush levers. For SL-191A, they are fastened with a spring plate 29, and for SL-191B, with a nut 35. The SL-191A wipers use the ME-241 electric motor, and the SL-191B uses the ME-241 or ME-241A electric motor.
On VAZ-2103 vehicles, SL-193 wipers are used. They differ from the windshield wipers of the VAZ-2101 car in the profile of the equalizers 31, the levers of the brushes and the brushes themselves. These wipers are equipped with ME-241 electric motors.
Windshield wipers are installed under the hood in the air intake box. The lower part of the bracket 4 with the electric motor is attached with two studs to the bracket at the bottom of the box, and the upper part of the bracket and the bracket 49 of the leash are attached to the frame panel of the wind window using plastic remote equalizer bushings, between which the panel is clamped after tightening the nut.
The rotation of the crank 3 by the rod 2 is converted into the swing of the leashes 44 and 32 connected by the rod 33. The swing frequency of the levers is 50-70 double strokes per minute. The axes of the leashes rotate each in two ceramic-metal bushings 47, separated by a felt insert 48. The bushings and felt are impregnated with oil. The rods 2 and 33 are connected to the leashes and the crank by spherical hinges, in which there are two hemispherical ceramic-metal inserts 45, impregnated with oil, which also fills the space between the inserts. The liners are unclenched by spring 46. The brush levers have springs 28, with which the brushes are pressed against the glass.
Windshield washer
The windshield washer consists of a supply tank 7, an injection pump 1, two spray nozzles and connecting plastic tubes with a tee. The tank is installed in the engine compartment and attached to the mudguard of the left wheel on two hooks. The jets are installed in the holes of the windshield frame panel with the help of elastic plastic bushings, which are put on the jet body.
The tank is welded from two sheets of PVC film, to which a plastic neck is welded, and has two ears in the upper part for hanging the tank on hooks. The holes in the ears are reinforced with metal edging. The tank capacity of a VAZ-2101 car is 0.75 liters, and that of a VAZ-2103 car is 1 liter. The liquid from the tank through the strainer 8, which is located at the end of the tube 6, is sucked in by the pump, fed to the jets and through the slots in the nozzles 37 it splashes but the glass.
The jets consist of a body 38 and atomizer 37 with a fixing screw 36 and gaskets. The direction of the washing jet is adjusted by turning the jet body in the plastic sleeve and turning the atomizer 37 after loosening the fixing screw 36.
Wiper motors
Technical specifications:
- Rated voltage, V - 12
- Maximum effective torque on the gearbox shaft*, kgf·m — 0.20 (0,19**)
- Current consumption at a moment of 0.10 kgf-m *, A - ≤2.8 (3,5**)
- Reducer shaft speed at a torque of 0.10 kgf·m*, rpm — ≥50 (52**)
* At a voltage of 14 V and a temperature of 25°C
** For electric motor ME-241A.
The windshield wipers use two-brush two-pole DC electric motors ME-241 with excitation from permanent magnets or ME-241 A with electromagnetic excitation. A worm gearbox is combined into one unit with an electric motor.
The ME-241 electric motor has a stamped steel housing 21, inside which two permanent magnets 23 are fixed with spring holders, forming a stator together with the housing. The steel shaft 16 of the anchor has a longitudinal knurling in the middle part, and a single-start worm at the front end. A core 22 is pressed onto the knurled part of the shaft, assembled from plates of electrical steel. In the grooves of the core, insulated with cardboard, a wave winding of the armature is laid, the conclusions of the sections of which are soldered to the copper plates of the collector 18. The collector, which has a plastic base, is pressed onto the shaft from the side of the worm. The armature shaft rotates in two ceramic-metal bushings fixed with steel clips, one in the body and the other in the cover 17. The outer surface of the bushings is spherical. Felt rings 24 impregnated with oil are placed around the bushings. The axial force acting on the armature shaft from the worm gear is perceived by the textolite thrust bearing 26, against which the rear end of the shaft rests. The body of the electric motor is closed by cover 17, which is also the crankcase of the gearbox. The cover is cast from aluminum alloy and is attached to the case with two screws. On the inside, a plastic brush holder 20 with two brushes is riveted to the cover, and on the outside (in the gearbox housing) there is a plastic worm gear 9 with a cam. The gear is pressed onto the axle 10. The other end of the axle has a conical knurled surface, on which the crank 3 is put on and fastened with a nut. The axle rotates in a ceramic-metal bushing pressed into the cover 17.
The reduction gear ratio is 51:1. The gearbox crankcase is closed with a plastic panel 12 and a cover 15. A sealing gasket is installed between the panel and the crankcase. There are contact posts in the panel, to which wires are soldered and a spring plate with switch contacts is attached, which stops the electric motor when the brushes are in the lower position. The contacts of the spring plate are pressed against the rack 14 connected to the power source. When the protrusion of the gear cam is against the plate, it wrings it out of the rack 14 and presses it against the rack 13 connected to the ground.
The ME-241A electric motor has a number of features associated with the use of electromagnetic excitation. Inside the case, two steel poles 54 with stator winding coils are fixed with screws. The excitation of the electric motor is mixed, so one coil (62 serial) connected in series with the armature winding, and the other (53 shunt) - parallel to it. In addition, there is one more coil - brake 61, placed together with the serial coil on one pole. It is activated only when the motor is turned off, creates a magnetic flux directed against the flow of the series coil, and thus ensures a quick stop of the armature. The armature grooves are spiral, and the collector is located on the side of the back cover. The axial movement of the armature shaft is eliminated by means of a 55 nylon thrust bearing with a 56 spring.
The armature worm is two-way, and the gear ratio of the gearbox is 34:1. The crank is riveted to the gear axle, and the torque from the gear to the axle is transmitted through a stamped steel cam 57.
The electric motor switch consists of a pusher 60 with a contact disk 58 and a spring 59 and two contacts riveted to the panel 12. The contact disk is pressed against the contacts by a spring and closes them. When the cam presses the pusher, the contact disk moves away and opens the contacts.
Wiper relay
On cars «Zhiguli» to obtain intermittent operation of the wiper, a relay of the RS-514 type is used, which is installed under the instrument panel on the left side.
The relay has an elastic plastic casing 23 and a getinax base 17, to which a core with an electromagnet yoke 20 is riveted. There is a winding 18 on the core in a plastic frame. A plastic support 27 with two pairs of fixed contacts is attached to the yoke on one side with a screw, and on the other side an armature 25 swings on the yoke. A current-carrying plate 26 is riveted to the armature, closing the upper or lower pair of contacts. When the armature is attracted to the core, the upper pair of contacts opens and the lower one closes.
An interrupter bracket 21 with a bimetallic plate 22 is also riveted to the base 17. A nichrome wire is wound on the plate over an insulating gasket made of asbestos paper. When a current passes through it, it heats up, the plate bends and the breaker contacts open. After cooling, the plate assumes its previous position and the breaker contacts close.
When the breaker contacts are opened, self-induction EMF arises in the electromagnet winding, which tends to maintain the disappearing current and causes a spark between the open breaker contacts.
To eliminate sparking and, consequently, burning of the breaker contacts, an additional resistor 19 with a resistance value of 100 Ohm is connected in parallel with the winding, through which the self-induction current closes.
Wiper operation
Open large image in new tab »
1. Fuse box. 2. Ignition switch. 3. Generator. 4. Rechargeable battery. 5. Wiper motor. 6. Wiper relay. 7. Motor switch contact. 8-11. Wiper relay plugs. 12, 13. Motor switch contacts. 14. Outdoor lighting switch. 15. Wiper switch. 16. Breaker. 17. Foundation. 18. Electromagnet winding. 19. Resistor. 20. Yarmo. 21. Breaker bracket. 22. Bimetallic plate. 23. Casing. 24. Anchor spring. 25. Anchor. 26. Conductive plate. 27. Contact support. 28. Windshield washer pump. 29. Cap. 30. Clip. 31. Corps. 32. Inlet valve. 33. Inlet fitting. 34. Valve sleeve. 35. Plate. 36. Switch plugs. 37. The holder of moving contacts. 38. Rod guide. 39. Button. 40. Return spring. 41. Cover. 42. Stock. 43. Block with contacts. 44. Holder guide. 45. Lid. 46. Diaphragm. 47. Casing. 48. Pump mounting plate. 49. Corps. 50. Outlet fitting. 51. Inlet fitting.
The diagram shows the operation of the windshield wiper of VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 cars at various positions of the switch key.
Continuous operation of the wiper is obtained when the button is fully pressed. Current comes from the output «+» battery or clip «30» generator and closes along the way: clamp «30» generator - plugs «A» fuse box - contacts «30» and «INT» ignition switch - plug «H» outdoor lighting switch - plugs «2» and «IN» fuse box - plugs «L» and «H» wiper switch - plug 11 of the wiper relay - terminal 7 of the electric motor switch - motor armature winding - ground.
The electric motor runs at a constant speed, and the brushes swing at a frequency of 50-60 cycles per minute.
The intermittent operation of the wiper is achieved using the RS-514 relay, which turns on when the switch key is in the middle position 15. As in the previous case, the current comes from the clamp «30» generator and flows in the same way to the plug «L» switch 15. Then the current path is as follows: plug «V» switch 15 - plug 10 relay - electromagnet winding and in parallel through an additional resistor - breaker contacts 16 - bimetallic breaker plate - plug 9 relay - plugs «I» and «D» switch 15 - mass.
The current flowing through the coil of the relay electromagnet causes the armature to be attracted to the core and the lower contacts of the relay are closed. A current begins to flow through them, feeding the armature winding of the electric motor.
At the same time, a current flows through the breaker winding 16. This current heats up the breaker winding. The bimetallic plate bends from heating and the breaker contacts open, turning off the power to the electromagnet winding. The relay armature returns to its original position. The lower contacts of the relay open, and the upper ones close, connecting contact 13 of the motor switch to ground. The electric motor stops.
Since the current no longer flows through the breaker winding, it cools down along with the bimetallic plate. The plate takes its former shape and the breaker contacts are closed, including the power supply of the electromagnet winding. The described cycle is repeated again with a frequency of 9-17 times per minute.
During one cycle, the brushes make one double stroke and stop in the lower position. At the initial moment of switching on the wiper for intermittent operation (the bimetallic breaker plate has not yet heated up) the brushes can make up to four continuous double strokes.
The wiper is turned off after the switch key 15 is moved to its original position. In this case, the current to the motor armature winding is supplied from the plug «IN» fuse block through closed contacts 12 and 7 of the motor switch. At the moment when the wiper blades come to the lower position, the protrusion of the cam of the worm gear of the gearbox will open contacts 7 and 12 and turn off the power to the armature winding. The armature of the electric motor will stop and the wiper blades will remain in the down position.
On a VAZ-2103 car, the wiper can be turned on by pressing the windshield washer pump pedal. In this case, the current passes along the path: clamp «30» generator - plugs «A» fuse box - contacts «30» and «INT» ignition switch - plug «H» switch 14 outdoor lighting - plugs «2» and «IN» fuse box - lower closed contacts of the switch in the windshield washer pump 28 - relay plug 11 - pin 7, motor armature winding 5 - ground. The wiper motor operates while the pump pedal is depressed. After the pedal is released, the lower contacts of the pump switch open, turning off the power to the armature winding, and the motor armature stops.
Windshield washer pumps
On VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 vehicles, the washer pump is installed on the left side of the instrument panel and is held on it by a clip flange 30.
The pump has a plastic housing 31 with two fittings for inlet and outlet of fluid and two valves - inlet and outlet. The outlet port protrudes from the housing further than the inlet port (33). Pump valves are lamellar rubber. They are held in the sockets by brass bushings 34 pressed into the body. The body, together with the rubber cap 29, is rolled in a steel cage 30. The liquid is injected by pressing the cap, and the suction occurs due to the expansion of the cap.
On a VAZ-2103 car, the pump is installed on the left side of the bulkhead. It has a built-in wiper switch. The dimensions of the pump drive parts are designed so that the wiper is turned on after liquid is splashed from the jets onto the glass.
The pump is foot diaphragm type. The body 49 of the pump is plastic, has two fittings of different diameters. Fitting 51 larger diameter - inlet. A tube from the washer reservoir is put on it. The valves have the same design as the pump of the VAZ-2101 car. Diaphragm 46 - cup-shaped rubber. The body 49, together with the diaphragm and the cover 45, is rolled in a steel casing 47, to which the pump mounting plate 48 is welded.
On the cover 45 there is a switch and a pump drive. The drive consists of a button 39 with a stem 42 welded to it and a return spring 40. A plate 35 is riveted to the lower end of the stem, which, when the button 39 is pressed, presses on the diaphragm.
The switch consists of a plastic block 43 with two pairs of contacts. One pair is riveted to the top and the other to the bottom of the block.
The contacts are closed by jumpers riveted to the plastic holder 37. In the normal position of the button 39, the upper pair of contacts is closed, and when the button is pressed, the lower pair is closed.