Windshield wipers may be domestically produced or manufactured in Hungary. They are interchangeable but in connecting and seating dimensions. The gearmotors of these cleaners are also interchangeable, although they have some differences in design.
Cleaner electric motor - with excitation from permanent magnets, three-brush, with two speeds. 1st frequency (small) is provided by supply voltage to the brush located in the geometric neutral of the electric motor, and the 2nd frequency (big) - applying voltage to the brush, displaced from the geometric neutral.
To protect the electric motor from overloads when the brushes freeze to the glass or there is a high resistance to their movement, a thermal bimetallic fuse is installed in the cleaner. For gearmotors manufactured by VNR, the fuse is installed under the gearbox cover on the limit switch panel, and for domestic gearmotors it is placed on the bracket for mounting the gearmotor.
Right stalk lever 7 (pic. 128) one of the three operating modes of the purifier can be switched on. One mode with intermittent movement of the brushes and two modes are constant, but with different speeds of movement of the brushes.
Pic. 128. Scheme of switching on the cleaner and washer of the windshield:
1 - cleaner motor; 2 - washer motor; 3 - solenoid valve for turning on the windshield washer; 4 - mounting block; 5 - wiper relay; 6 - ignition switch; 7 - switch for cleaners and washer.
When the ignition is switched on, voltage is applied to the contact «53a» steering column switch 7 in the following way: from closed contacts «30/1» and «15/1» ignition switch 6, through the fuse «5» mounting block 4 to the bimetallic fuse of the electric motor 1. Then, along the yellow wires with a white stripe and through the mounting block, it enters the output «15» relay 5 and on contact «53a» switch 7. Depending on which switch contacts the contact closes «53a», one or another mode of operation of the windshield wiper is turned on.
The low speed of the brushes is provided in the position «71/» lever 19 (see fig. 4) stalk switch. Contacts close «53a» and «53». Current comes from the contact «53» through the gray wire, through the mounting block to the brush of the electric motor 1, located in the geometric neutral. Then the current through the armature of the electric motor goes to «mass».
The high speed of the brushes is obtained in the position «V» steering column switch lever. Contacts close «53a» and «53c» switch and the current flows through a gray wire with an orange stripe, through the mounting block it enters the motor brush, displaced from the geometric neutral.
The intermittent operation of the cleaner is provided by an electronic relay 5 installed in the mounting block. In the provisions «II» and «III» steering column switch 7 contacts close «53a» and «I», and «53» and «53rd». From contact «I» switch voltage is supplied to the output «I» relay. It fires and closes its conclusions «15» and «S». Current comes from the output «S» for closed contacts «53rd» and «53» switch 7, and then through the gray wires to the brush of the electric motor 1, located in geometric neutral. The purifier starts running at low speed. The relay electronics de-energizes and re-energizes the output «S» at a frequency of 14 cycles per minute, creating intermittent operation of the cleaner.
Relay 5 for the windshield wiper consists of an electronic circuit and an electromagnetic relay. Relay armature contact (conclusion «S») closed with output «31c», i.e. conclusions «S» and «31c» normally closed. When to conclusions «86» or «I» control voltage is applied, then the electronic circuit of the relay turns on the power supply of the winding of the electromagnetic relay, it works and closes the outputs «5» and «15». The supply voltage is applied to the output «15». conclusions «31» and «R» connected to «weight».
Relay 5, in addition to providing intermittent operation of the cleaner, has another function. It includes a low speed cleaner (if it is off or running intermittently) when applying washer fluid to the windshield. After turning off the liquid supply, the relay does not turn off the cleaner immediately, but after 2...4 complete cleaning cycles at low speed.
To turn off the cleaner, the switch lever 7 is moved to its original position, in which the contacts are closed «53» and «53rd». At the same time, the outputs of the relay are closed «S» and «31c». The current supplying the armature winding of the electric motor goes through the closed contacts of the limit switch in the electric motor, through the closed outputs «31c» and «S» relay, then through closed contacts «53rd» and «53» switch 7 and on the brush of the electric motor, located in the geometric neutral. The purifier runs at low speed. At the moment when the cleaner brushes return to their original position, the protrusion of the cam of the worm gear of the gearbox will open the contacts of the limit switch and the power to the armature winding of the electric motor will be turned off. The motor armature will stop and the cleaner brushes will remain in the down position.
The washer motor 2 is combined into one unit with a pump. From the pump, liquid is injected into three lines: to the windshield, to the headlights and the rear window. Each of the lines has a solenoid valve that shuts off the washer fluid supply. So, in the line supplying fluid to the windshield there is valve 3, in the line supplying fluid to the headlights - valve 2 (see fig. 129), and the fluid supply to the rear window is blocked by valve 4. When the washer fluid supply to any of the windows is turned on, the pump motor is turned on and voltage is applied to the corresponding valve. It works, opens the corresponding line and the liquid is supplied in the required direction.