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1. Control lamp for switching on high beam headlights. 2. A control lamp of inclusion of external lighting. 3. A control lamp of inclusion of indexes of turn. 4. Welt. 5. Distance meter. 6. Speedometer. 7. Drum. 8. Six-toothed gear. 9. Control lamp of a charge of the rechargeable battery. 10. Cheeks. 11. Oil pressure warning lamp. 12. A control lamp of inclusion of a manual brake. 13. Fuel gauge. 14. Control lamp of a reserve of fuel. 15. Case. 16. Frame. 17. Lamp AMN12-3 for instrument lighting 18. Lamp holder. 19. Dial. 20. Printed circuit board. 21. Block of plugs. 22. Temperature gauge coils. 23. Diode D-226B. 24. Coil frame. 25. Instrument cluster holder. 26. Coolant temperature gauge. 27. Foundation. 28. Primary roller of the meter drive. 29. Magnet. 30. Thermal compensator. 31. Screen. 32. Secondary counter drive roller. 33. Bridge. 34. Axis. 35. Return spring. 36. Cartridge. 37. Drive roller. 38. The relay-interrupter of a control lamp of a manual brake. 39. Fuse box. 40. Generator. 41. Battery. 42. Ignition switch. 43. Temperature gauge sensor. 44. Magnet balancers and arrows. 45. Permanent magnet.
The instrument cluster of the KP-191 type combines a fuel level indicator 13, a speedometer 6, a coolant temperature indicator 26, as well as seven control lamps, one of which (14 fuel reserves) installed in the fuel gauge.
The instrument cluster is installed in the nest of the instrument panel and is fixed with two spring holders 25. It has a plastic case 15 with compartments that contain instruments and control lamps. Outside, the case is closed with a plastic frame with a dial and multi-colored light filters of control lamps. The frame is attached to the body with a chrome-plated metal welt 4.
A printed circuit board of 20 electrical connections for instruments and control lamps is riveted to the back of the case. The board is made of foil-coated getinax and varnished. Together with the printed circuit board, plastic pads of 21 plugs are riveted to the case, and the plugs themselves are connected to the printed circuit board with the help of rivets. Pilot lamps of the AMN12-3 type are inserted into plastic cartridges 18, and those into the holes of the printed circuit board.
Between conductors «+» and «weight» supply voltage, a diode 23 of type D-226B or a similar diode manufactured by VNR is installed. Through it, reverse current pulses are closed to ground, which prevents demagnetization of the permanent magnets of the fuel level and coolant temperature indicators.
Speedometer
The speedometer consists of a pointer indicator of the speed of the car and the final counter 5 of the path traveled by the car. It is fastened with two screws to the body 15, one of which is sealed.
The speedometer mechanisms are driven by a flexible shaft from a gearbox mounted on the rear cover of the gearbox.
The speed indicator mechanism consists of a permanent magnet 29 mounted on a drive roller 37, and an aluminum card 36 fixed together with an arrow on an axle 34. The roller rotates in a cast metal base 27, to which a steel screen 31 and a plastic bridge 33 of the counter are attached with two screws. The screen closes the card and is designed to increase the magnetic flux passing through it, which increases the sensitivity of the speed indicator.
When the magnet rotates, the magnetic lines of force penetrate the card and induce an EMF in it, under the influence of which eddy currents arise in the card. These currents create their own magnetic field of the card. As a result of the interaction of the rotating magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the magnetic field of the card, a torque acts on it, which turns the card, and with it the arrow, in the direction of rotation of the magnet. The torque acting on the card is balanced by the counteracting moment of the spiral spring 35. The higher the frequency of rotation of the magnet, the greater the torque, the greater the deflection of the arrow.
As the temperature rises, the electrical resistance of the card to eddy currents increases. Therefore, its magnetic field decreases and, if appropriate measures are not taken, the card with an arrow will rotate at a smaller angle. The speedometer reading will be incorrect. To reduce the effect of temperature on the deflection of the pointer, a thermal compensator 30 or a magnetic shunt is fixed next to the magnet on the drive roller. It is a thin steel plate. The magnetic flux of a permanent magnet is divided into two parts. One part of it closes through the card, and the other through the temperature compensator. As the temperature rises, the magnetic resistance of the temperature compensator increases, the magnetic flux through it decreases, and through the card increases. The EMF induced in the card increases and compensates for the increase in its resistance. Therefore, the eddy currents of the card with increasing temperature change slightly and the speedometer needle deviates almost by the same value.
The counter mechanism consists of six plastic drums 7 mounted on a common axis. Five of them are marked with numbers from zero to nine, indicating kilometers, and there are no numbers on the primary drum. Fixed cheeks 10 with plastic six-tooth gears 8 are installed between the drums. The drums with numbers have a full internal gearing on one side, and only two teeth on the other side. The primary drum also has only two teeth. Rotation from roller 37 is transmitted to the primary drum through rollers 28 and 32 with three worm gears. When turning one of the drums a full turn, two of its teeth on the left side turn gear 8 by 120: and the adjacent left drum turns this gear 1/10 of a turn. The next number appears in the scale window. The maximum meter reading is 99,999 km, after which it starts counting from zero again. One revolution of the drive roller 37 corresponds to one meter of travel.
Coolant temperature gauge
In the instrument cluster KP-191, a magnetoelectric coolant temperature indicator of the UK-191 type is installed. It is used in conjunction with the TM-106 sensor and is attached to the printed circuit board 20 with three pins, which at the same time are the contact leads of the coils.
The device consists of a plastic frame 24 with coils and an axis with an arrow, a permanent magnet and balancers, and their center of gravity is located so that when the device is turned off, the arrow deviates to the left edge of the scale. The axis of the arrow rotates in two bearings, one of which is made in the form of a screw, and with this help the axle play is adjusted during assembly. During assembly, the axle ends are lubricated with a special damping silicone fluid that prevents the arrow from vibrating when the car is moving.
Coils have three windings: K1, TO2 and K3. Winding K3 wound perpendicular to the windings K1 and K2, and the windings K1 and K2 - towards each other. Thus, three magnetic fluxes M act on a permanent magnet1, M2 them3, created by three windings. Their direction is determined by the gimlet rule. The current from the current source passes first through the winding K1, and then branches into two chains. One of them closes to ground through sensor 43, the resistance of which varies depending on the temperature of the coolant. In connection with a change in the resistance of the sensor, the strength of the currents in the windings and the magnetic fluxes they create change.
Total magnetic flux MS, acting on a permanent magnet, is determined by the parallelogram rule.
If the engine is cold, then the resistance of the sensor is significant, the current in the sensor circuit is small and the magnetic flux M1 less than M3. In this case, the total magnetic flux MS keeps the pointer at the beginning of the scale. With an increase in the temperature of the coolant after starting the engine, the resistance of the sensor decreases and, consequently, the strength of the current passing through it and the winding K1, and the current through the windings K2 and K3 decreases. As a result, the magnetic flux M1 increases, flows M2 them3 decrease, the total flow MS changes direction and turns the pointer towards the middle of the scale. When the coolant is overheated, the resistance of the sensor decreases significantly, the current through the winding K1 and magnetic flux M1 increase even more with a decrease in magnetic fluxes M2 them3 and total magnetic flux MS deflects the pointer to the red zone of the scale.
Fuel gauge
In the instrument cluster KP-191, a fuel level indicator UB-191 is installed. Just like the coolant temperature gauge, it is magnetoelectric and has the same design and principle of operation. It differs by the data of the windings, the points of attachment to the printed circuit board and the relative position of the permanent magnet, pointer and balancers.
The UB-191 pointer is used in tandem with the BM-150 type sensor (on VAZ-2101) or BM-154 (on VAZ-2102), which are installed in the fuel tank. These sensors also turn on the control lamp 14 of the fuel reserve if there are 4-6.5 liters of gasoline left in the tank (on VAZ-2101) or 5-7.5 l (on VAZ-2102).