Open large image in new tab »
1. Low beam filament screen. 2. Low beam filament. 3. High beam filament. 4. Mounting tabs. 5. Bulb flange. 6. Bulb base. 7. Low beam filament plug. 8. High beam filament plug. 9. Dust deflector. 10. Socket. 11. Outer rim. 12. Reflector. 13. Sockets for optical element mounting brackets. 14. Diffuser. 15. Headlight horizontal beam adjustment screw. 16. Headlight mounting hole. 17. Nut holder. 18. Headlight vertical beam adjustment screw. 19. Nut. 20. Headlight housing. 21. Screen. 22. A12-45+40 bulb. 23. Wire seal. 24. Spring. 25. Inner bezel. 26. Screws securing the outer bezel to the inner bezel. 27. Headlights. 28. Battery. 29. Generator. 30. Fuse box. 31. Direction indicator and headlight switch. 32. Ignition switch. 33. Switch block. 34. Instrument cluster. 35. High beam indicator lamp. 36. Exterior lighting switch. 37. Speedometer. 38. High beam relay.
Headlights are designed to illuminate the road in front of the car at night.
The VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 vehicles are equipped with two identical headlights of the FG-140 type. The VAZ-2103 vehicle is equipped with four headlights: two external FG-145 type and two internal FG-146 type. The optical elements and lamps of the headlights provide an asymmetrical low beam and comply with the requirements of international standards. Each FG-140 headlight is attached to the front of the body with four screws, with three screws screwed into special steel spring clamps, and the fourth screw, connecting the black wire of the headlight to the ground, is screwed directly into the front of the body. A shock-absorbing plastic gasket is installed under the headlight.
The FG-145 and FG-146 headlights are each secured with three screws. Two screws are screwed into plastic plates, and the third one is screwed directly into the front of the body. The plastic plates act as a shock-absorbing element. Therefore, no gaskets are placed under these headlights. The brackets and plates are put on the edges of the headlight opening. The headlights are covered with steel chrome-plated trim rims on the outside.
On VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 cars, the low and high beam headlights are switched on by switch 31, located on the steering column, when the external lighting switch in block 33 is on. In addition, by pulling the long lever of switch 31 towards you, you can briefly turn on the high beam headlights (for cars produced before January 1973, low beams are switched on) both when the external lighting switch is on and when it is off. This is ensured by the fact that the voltage to the contacts of the light signaling switch 31 is supplied directly from the "INT" plug of the ignition switch 32, bypassing the external lighting switch in block 33.
The information is published on the website [VAZBOOK.RU]
On the VAZ-2103, the headlights are also switched on using the switch 36 for external lighting and the switch 31. When the high beam is switched on, all four headlights are lit, providing good and uniform illumination of the road in front of the car, and when the low beam is switched on, only two external headlights are lit. When the high beam is switched on, four headlights consume a current of 15-16 A. Such a current can damage the contacts of switch 31, designed for a current of 8 A. Therefore, the high beam is switched on via an additional relay 38 of the RS-527 type, the contacts of which can withstand a current of 20 A, and only the supply current of the relay winding, not exceeding 0.3 A, flows through the contacts of switch 31.
The headlights are manufactured by several companies and therefore have slight differences in the design of some elements. These differences mainly concern the method of attaching the lamp to the optical element. In addition, the headlights can be with or without a 21 screen.
The FG-140 headlight has a steel painted housing 20, in which an inner rim 25 is secured using a spring 24 and two screws 15 and 18. This rim has three sockets 13, into which the mounting brackets of the optical element enter. The sockets in the rim and the corresponding brackets of the optical element are located asymmetrically relative to the axis of the headlight. Therefore, the optical element can be inserted into the rim 25 only in one specific position. The optical element is pressed against the inner rim 25 by the outer chromed steel rim 11, which is secured to the inner rim with three screws 26.
The optical element is non-separable and consists of a reflector 12 and a diffuser 14 glued to it. The reflector is steel and has the shape of a paraboloid, which concentrates the reflected rays of light into a beam, directing them along its axis if the lamp filament is in its focus. To create a mirror surface, the reflective surface of the reflector is covered with varnish and then with a thin layer of aluminum.
The outer surface of the diffuser 14 is smooth, and on the inner surface there is a complex system of prisms that scatter light more strongly in the horizontal direction than in the vertical. Therefore, if you direct the high beam at the wall, the light spot will have the shape of an ellipse. Such light scattering provides better illumination of the road in front of the car and at the side of the road.
A lamp 22 of the A12-45+40 type is inserted into the optical element from the back. The lamp is hollow, i.e. the air is pumped out of its bulb. It has two tungsten filaments: one (40 W) for low beam and the other (45 W) for high beam. Filament 3 of the high beam is in the focus of the reflector, and therefore the high beam rays are concentrated into a narrow beam directed almost parallel to the road and illuminating it well at the maximum distance from the car. Filament 2 of the low beam is brought forward from the focus of the reflector and is covered from below by a special metal screen 1. This is done in order to limit the spread of light upward. If you direct the low beam beam at a wall, the light spot will have the shape of an ellipse with the upper half cut off. The upper boundary of the illuminated area in the left part of the spot will pass exactly along the horizontal axis of the ellipse, and in the right part - along the line emanating upward from the center of the ellipse at an angle of 15° to its horizontal axis. This shape of the light beam provides good illumination of the road in front of the car (especially its right side and the shoulder) and reduces the possibility of blinding oncoming drivers.
In some headlights, a screen 21 is installed in the optical element in front of the lamp. It blocks the direct light coming from the lamp filaments and provides a clearer upper boundary of the low beam.
The lamp has a steel stepped flange 5. The step of a larger diameter is inserted into the reflector of the FG-140 headlight, and the step of a smaller diameter is inserted into the reflectors of the VAZ-2103 headlights, which have smaller dimensions. Both steps of the flange are provided with projections 4, which enter the corresponding groove of the reflector. Therefore, the lamp is installed in the optical element in a strictly defined position and does not require adjustment of the position of the lamp in the focus of the reflector. From the outside, the lamp is covered with a plastic dust reflector 9.
There are three plugs on the lamp base for supplying voltage: one for the low beam filament, another for the high beam, and the third, common, is connected to ground. A plastic block 10 with wires is put on the plugs. Two wires are led out of the headlamp housing through a rubber seal 23, and the tip of the third (black) wire is rolled into the housing to the headlamp mounting hole and is connected to the vehicle ground through the headlamp mounting screw.
Screws 15 and 18 serve not only to secure the inner rim 25, but also to regulate the direction of the light beam of the headlight. When screwing in or unscrewing, for example, screw 18, it attracts or moves away from the headlight housing the upper edge of the rim 25 and the optical element pressed against it rotates relative to the horizontal axis. When screwing in or unscrewing screw 15, the optical element rotates relative to the vertical axis. The screws are screwed into plastic nuts 19, which prevent the screws from unscrewing themselves. The holders 17 of the nuts are attached to the headlight housing.
The FG-145 and FG-146 headlights of the VAZ-2103 have the same design as the FG-140 headlights of the VAZ-2101, but differ in smaller dimensions, housing shape and characteristics of the optical elements. The lamps in these headlights are also of the A12-45+40 type, but the filament of the low beam lamps is not used in the inner headlights.
The internal FG-146 and external FG-145 headlights differ in the system of prisms of the diffusers, since the internal headlights work only when the high beam is turned on, and the external ones - both when the high and low beam are turned on. In addition, the internal headlights do not have a screen 21. The sockets 13 for installing the optical element in the internal and external headlights have different coordinates, so that the optical element of the internal headlight cannot be installed in the external headlight and vice versa.
Both internal and external headlights are divided into right and left (the index "P" or "L" is added to the headlight type designation).