Collapse
Camber is the tilt of the wheels in a vertical plane relative to the center line of the car. Camber can be positive when the wheels are tilted outward from the vertical, or negative if they are tilted towards the vehicle. The camber angle mainly affects the wear uniformity of the front tire tread. When it is broken, there is increased wear on the inner or outer tread tracks. If the camber of one wheel is positive and the other is negative, then the car will «take away» to the side when moving in a straight line. Camber is set by adjusting bolt 11 (see fig. 69) with loose nuts of the steering knuckle bolts.
Convergence
Convergence is the position of the front wheels when the distance between the side surfaces of the tires in front is less than in the rear. Such convergence is considered positive. Normal wheel alignment improves vehicle stability and reduces tire wear. Insufficient or negative toe-in causes premature wear of the inside of the tread (relative to the plane of symmetry of the tires), large convergence - wear of the outer part of the tread. Toe-in is controlled by changing the length of the steering rods.
Angle of longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation
The axis, relative to which the wheel turns, has such an inclination that the lower part of the axle is pushed forward. Such an angle of longitudinal inclination is called positive, in contrast to negative, when the lower part of the axis is tilted back. With a positive value of the angle, the self-return of the wheel to the middle position after the turn is improved, with a negative value, it worsens. The angle of the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation is regulated by changing the number of washers 23 on the braces.
Due to the fact that a change in the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation and camber causes a change in toe-in and, conversely, a change in toe-in does not affect the camber and longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation, work on checking and adjusting the angles of inclination of the axis and installing the wheels is carried out in the following sequence: I is the angle of the longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation; II - camber; III - convergence.