Collapse
Camber is the tilt of the wheels in the vertical plane relative to the centerline of the car. Camber can be positive, when the wheels are tilted outward from the vertical, or negative, if they are tilted toward the car. The camber angle mainly affects the uniformity of wear of the front tire tread. When it is disturbed, increased wear occurs on the inner or outer tracks of the tread. If the camber of one wheel is positive and the other is negative, the car will "pull" to the side when driving straight. Camber is set with the adjusting bolt 11 (see figure 69) when the nuts of the steering knuckle mounting bolts are loose.
Convergence
Toe-in is the position of the front wheels when the distance between the side surfaces of the tires at the front is less than at the rear. This toe-in is considered positive. Normal toe-in increases vehicle stability and reduces tire wear. Insufficient or negative toe-in causes premature wear of the inner tread (relative to the plane of symmetry of the tires), large toe-in - wear on the outer part of the tread. Wheel toe-in is adjusted by changing the length of the steering rods.
Angle of longitudinal inclination of the axis of rotation
The axis, relative to which the wheel turns, has an inclination at which the lower part of the axis is extended forward. Such an angle of longitudinal inclination is called positive, in contrast to negative, when the lower part of the axis is tilted backwards. With a positive value of the angle, the self-return of the wheel to the middle position after turning improves, with a negative value, it worsens. The angle of longitudinal inclination of the turning axis is regulated by changing the number of washers 23 on the braces.
Since a change in the longitudinal tilt of the steering axis and the camber of the wheels causes a change in the toe-in of the wheels and, conversely, a change in the toe-in does not affect the camber of the wheels and the longitudinal tilt of the steering axis, work on checking and adjusting the tilt angles of the axle and installing the wheels is carried out in the following sequence: I — the angle of the longitudinal tilt of the steering axis; II — wheel alignment; III — convergence.