In addition to the dimensions, the main data about the tire is applied to the tire: model (EX-85), date of manufacture, index of the manufacturer and serial number of the tire. For example, 103M701215, where 10 is the tenth week, 3 is 1983, M is the Moscow Tire Plant, 1701215 is the tire number. In addition to this data, the tire has a mark in the form of a circle with a diameter of 5... 10 mm. It shows the position of the valve, which aligns the heavy part of the tube with the light part of the tire to prevent tire imbalance. Only with proper tire assembly can the wheel be well balanced using balancing weights.
The metal cord breaker provides greater rigidity of the tire tread, which leads to its more uniform wear along the entire circumference (without "spotted wear"). A radial tire with a metal cord improves the traction and economic performance of the car, since its design reduces rolling resistance. The speed characteristics of the car increase and fuel consumption decreases. In addition, these tires improve the controllability of the car and have long warranty and operational mileages.
Such tires have their own operating features that should be remembered. First of all, this is strict adherence to the tire pressure standard. This requirement applies to all tires, but especially tires with a radial carcass structure, since their sidewalls are more elastic compared to diagonal tires and they are more noticeably deformed, which leads to confusion among car drivers. Therefore, before inflating a tire, it is imperative to check the pressure with a pressure gauge. Otherwise, you can overinflate the tire beyond the norm, which will lead to an increase in its rigidity. In this case, when driving a car, especially on poorly maintained roads (crushed stone, broken asphalt road, etc.), impact loads increase. And since the thickness of the sub-groove rubber layer in the tread pattern is small, the probability of tread delamination and breaker destruction increases. Driving fast on a broken road is especially dangerous.
If the pressure in the tire is too low, its sidewalls are quickly destroyed. Due to the small thickness of the sidewalls of radial tires, special care must be taken when approaching the sidewalk so as not to damage the tire on the curbstone, driving over uneven surfaces, or driving onto the shoulder.
Thus, in order for a radial tire to provide a noticeable increase in mileage, it is necessary not only to strictly follow the rules for its operation, but also to handle it carefully.
The tires together with the wheel are balanced on special stands. The imbalance is eliminated by balancing weights, which are held on the rim by special springs. The pressure in the tires of the front and rear wheels should be: for tires 165/70R13 - 2 kgf/cm², for tires 155/80R13 and 175/70R13 - 1.9 kgf/cm².
The condition of the tires primarily affects traffic safety, fuel consumption and vehicle cross-country ability. In order to extend the service life of the tires as much as possible, it is important to follow the basic operating rules. Premature tire wear depends on the driving style of the car, violation of the wheel alignment angles and the air pressure in the tires, violation of the wheel balance and the technical condition of the car and, above all, the wheel suspension and braking system.
When driving a car, avoid intense acceleration and abrupt braking, sharp turns at high speeds, running over curbs and other sharp objects that create large concentrated loads on the tires. Do not park the car in places where fuels and lubricants have been spilled, and do not leave the car open in the sun for a long time. When replacing tires, install tires recommended by the manufacturer, and select the tread pattern depending on the road conditions of the car.
The article is taken from an online resource vazbook.ru