Before starting a cold engine, it is necessary to check the braking of the car with the handbrake; neutral position of the gear lever.
If the carburetor engine is inoperative for more than 2 days, it is necessary to fill the carburetor float chamber with gasoline by pressing the manual pumping lever at least 8-10 times, and in case of a long break in operation - and a greater number of presses. The main thing is to feel some force when pressing the lever.
The carburetor engine of the "ten" will start better if you press the gas pedal several times before starting it (throttle actuator). The injected gasoline in the intake manifold will be enriched, but it must be allowed to evaporate for a few seconds.
In a car equipped with distributed injection, there is no need to press the gas pedal before starting the engine.
Start sequence:
- the clutch pedal is depressed, which disengages the clutch from the gearbox, making it easier to crank the engine crankshaft,
- the ignition is turned on by turning the ignition key to the first position, while the lamp "CHECK ENGINE" should light up and go out, which means the engine management system is working properly. If this lamp is constantly on or does not light up, then the engine management system is faulty and it is better to check the engine,
- when the key is moved to the second position (push), the starter is turned on, which turns the crankshaft. The key is held until the engine starts running, but not more than 10 seconds,
- if the engine does not start, release the ignition key and the starter will turn off, the key will automatically return to position 1,
- be sure to give the battery 20-30 seconds to rest,
- after 20-30 sec, turn on the starter again for 10 sec; if the engine does not start after the second attempt, make a third attempt to start the engine, if unsuccessful, look for a fault in the engine.
When starting the engine under these conditions, do not press the gas pedal. The specified time for turning on the starter and resting the battery must be observed. Other time intervals lead to premature wear of the starter and battery,
- after starting the engine, release the clutch pedal; if the crankshaft speed decreases, press the pedal again and then release it smoothly,
- during engine warm-up, the engine crankshaft speed increases and to reduce it, you need to periodically press and release the gas pedal until the engine runs stably; let it run for 1-3 minutes. During this time, the engine should warm up to a coolant temperature of 40-50°C.
Starting the engine in winter is more difficult the lower the temperature. At -25°C and below:
- motor oil thickens,
- the resistance to rotation of the crankshaft increases,
- fuel evaporation and atomization deteriorates,
- the mixture formation between air and gasoline deteriorates,
- the capacity of the battery decreases, and consequently, its starting properties, the energy of the spark plug is weakened.
The main measures to ensure engine starting under these conditions are:
- at night, place the battery in a warm room,
- use an additional battery to help the main battery, which should be connected in parallel to the main one using special buses or large-section wires with locks ("cigarette lighters"); they are for sale and it is desirable to have them,
- use special grades of oils and fuels,
- for more intensive warming of the engine and maintaining its thermal conditions, it is recommended to cover the ventilation grille in the battery with a thermal apron,
- start the engine as at a temperature of -15°C.
When starting a cold engine, it is not recommended to keep the clutch engaged for a long time; it is advisable to warm up a carburetor engine on the spot to 40°C, and then carry out further warming up while driving at a low crankshaft speed.
It is advisable to warm up a carburetor engine with a semi-automatic start to 90°C, to let it adjust so that the driving properties on a cold engine do not differ from the warm nominal state.
After starting a cold engine, turn on the heater at minimum temperature or low fan speed. Only after the engine has warmed up, turn on the normal temperature. And on the "ten", which has recirculation, it is better to exclude the air supply to the heater from outside during the engine warming up. But not for long, otherwise the windows will start to fog up.
When starting a warm or hot engine, it is necessary:
- put the ignition key to position 1, i.e. turn on the ignition,
- turn the ignition key to position 2 (push-button) - the starter turns on,
- when starting the engine, you do not need to press the gas pedal,
- turn on the starter.
Attention: after starting the engine, the key returned from position 2 to position 1, it should return by itself. Listen to the engine. There should be no extraneous ringing noise.
When starting a warm engine, do not allow the starter to stay on too long; turn it on when the engine is running quietly. Be able to distinguish whether the engine is running or not. When warming up the engine, you need to maintain the required crankshaft speed by pressing the gas pedal, while pressing the air damper motor button. Learn to feel the crankshaft speed by pressing the gas pedal with different force. Gas pedals have their own character.
Even experienced drivers, before starting to drive another car, check how the engine picks up speed depending on the pressure on the gas pedal. A novice driver should do this training before each start of movement. When the engine steadily increases the crankshaft speed when you press the gas pedal, without "failures", the warm-up can be completed: this means that the fuel system is adjusted correctly, and you can start driving. Skillful use of the gas pedal, when you feel the change in the crankshaft speed from the slightest pressure on the gas pedal, will help you smoothly move off, quietly change gears and smoothly drive the car.
To stop a hot engine before turning it off, it is recommended to let the engine run at idle speed for 40-60 seconds, then turn off the ignition.