Gearshift schemes are shown in fig. 9.
With the shift lever, the driver can discretely transfer torque from the engine to the vehicle's wheels.
The first gear is the most powerful, transmits the largest torque and is used for starting off, overcoming difficult sections of the road, when driving uphill with a large load. The speed in this gear is up to 40 km / h.
Second, third and fourth gears respectively transmit less torque. The crankshaft speed decreases and the wheel speed increases.
The second gear is used to accelerate the car and move it at a speed of 20 to 60 km / h. The third gear is used to accelerate and move the car at a speed of 30 to 90 km / h. fourth gear (straight) creates less torque and has the largest speed range, from 40 km / h to maximum.
Fifth gear has a reduced gear ratio - 0.7-0.8. The crankshaft rotates at a slower speed than the wheels. This economical gear is used for straight sections of road, without heavy loads, as it is very weak.
The reverse gear is also powerful and transmits a lot of torque, has a large gear ratio. It is used for reversing. The neutral position of the shift lever disengages all gears.
To engage reverse gear, press the clutch pedal and, after holding for 3 seconds, sink the gear lever to the stop and move it to the reverse gear position.
Learning how to move a car smoothly is necessary for everyone in compliance with a certain sequence, safety requirements and the Rules of the Road.
A bit of theory. When driving, a car overcomes a series of forces that create resistance to its movement. The main forces are: the rolling resistance force of the wheels, the air resistance force, the inertia force and the lift resistance force.
The movement of the car is ensured when the traction force of the wheels with the road is equal in magnitude to the traction force or greater than it. If the thrust is greater than the adhesion forces (at «dozens» traction force is greater than most other domestic cars), then the drive wheels will slip. In this case, a large load falls on the clutch and gearbox, which can quickly fail. Fans of a sporty driving style should especially remember this. On «top ten» gearbox not with «Mercedes». When starting off on a flat stretch of road, only the rolling resistance force of the wheels and the force of inertia must be overcome.
Before moving off, you must:
- carry out an inspection of the car;
- check the neutral position of the gear lever;
- depress the clutch pedal (develop this habit in yourself, it will allow you to avoid many troubles);
- turn on the ignition;
- start the engine;
- carefully inspect the road you intend to take through the rear-view mirrors, external and internal, and by turning your head left and right check «blind spot» behind and from the sides;
- turn on the turn signal if you are sure of safety. You should not turn on the turn signal if there are other vehicles or pedestrians nearby that you must give way to;
- depress the clutch pedal to the end with your left foot and hold it in that position. The clutch pedal must be pressed sharply, while the clutch is turned off, the rotation of the crankshaft and the input shaft of the gearbox are disconnected;
- hold the steering wheel with your left hand, and move the gear lever to the first or second gear position with your right hand (when it is necessary to include the second gear, consider below).
Comment. First (second) gears may not immediately turn on, do not try to push it by force. Move the shift lever to neutral, release the clutch pedal, depress the clutch pedal all the way again and repeat the engagement of the first (second) transmission. At the same time, the gears of the gearbox turned and the gear should turn on easily;
- again carefully examine the road through the mirrors and the left shoulder, make sure it is safe again;
- if you can start moving, then release the parking brake lever down;
- lightly press the gas pedal with your right foot; feel the crankshaft speed increase slightly. This is especially visible on the tachometer;
- slowly and gently release the clutch pedal with your left foot, gradually turn it on and smoothly transfer the torque from the engine crankshaft through the first gear of the gearbox to the wheels, while the crankshaft speed from the load will begin to decrease. You can hear it from the engine noise or see it from the tachometer;
- hold the clutch pedal at the end and lightly press the gas pedal, increasing the crankshaft speed and traction force, which begins to overcome the rolling resistance force of the wheels and the force of inertia; the car starts moving smoothly;
- after the start of movement, continue to smoothly release the clutch pedal to the end, then it is necessary to remove your foot from the pedal.
The clutch pedal in first gear must be released smoothly, held at the end, and then slowly released to the end.
When starting off, drivers make mainly two mistakes that lead to a strong jerk or engine stop. Causes of the first error: abrupt release of the clutch pedal and strong pressure on the gas pedal (high crankshaft speeds lead to a strong jerk of the car, and on slippery roads and for drivers with a sporty driving style and on dry pavement - and to wheel slip). Eliminate the error if the engine does not stall: sharply squeeze the clutch and reduce the pressure on the gas pedal - reduce the speed of the crankshaft. Repeat touching. Pay attention to the smooth release of the clutch pedal and less pressure on the gas pedal.
The reasons for the second error: a sharp release of the clutch pedal and a weak pressure on the gas pedal - the crankshaft speed is small. Troubleshooting: restart the engine. At the same time, once again, pay attention to the smooth release of the clutch pedal and the stronger pressure on the gas pedal compared to the first attempt.
With coordinated actions by two pedals - clutch and gas - slightly pressing and releasing the gas pedal should always be slightly ahead of pressing and releasing the clutch pedal.
get under way on «top ten», on which the 2112 engine is installed, is lighter. When starting off on the gas pedal, you can not press. Management is easier. The car picks up speed without high speed. And the traction reserve allows you to switch gears less often.