Open large image in new tab »
Pic. 33: 1. Thermistor. 2. Contact spring. 3. Cylinder head. 4. Paper insulating cartridge. 5. Sensor housing. 6. Sensor cover. 7. Balancer arrows. 8. Permanent magnet on the axis of the arrow. 9. Frame with pointer coils. 10. Device protection diode. 11. Outdoor lighting switch. 12. Oil pressure warning lamp. 13. Coolant temperature gauge. 14. Battery charge control lamp. 15. Block of control lamps. 16. A control lamp of level of a brake liquid. 17. Parking brake warning lamp. 18. Control lamp for turning on the fog light. 19. Speedometer. 20. Distance meter. 21. Rear window heating switch. 22. Plugs for instrument panel fastening screws. 23. Heater fan switch. 24. Control lamp high beam headlights. 25. Indicator lamp for direction indicators. 26. Control lamp for outdoor lighting. 27. Voltmeter. 28. Instrument cluster. 29. Fuel gauge. 30. Fuel reserve warning lamp. 31. Fog light switch in the rear lights. 32. Oil pressure sensor air filter. 33. Spring. 34. Moving contact of the sensor. 35. Fixed contact (connected to mass). 36 Aperture. 37. Cylinder block. 38. Fuel reserve alarm contact. 39. Sensor rheostat. 40. Moving contact of the rheostat. 41. Sensor for level indicator and fuel reserve. 42. Lever with a float. 43. Battery. 44. Generator. 45. Sensor control lamp oil pressure. 46. Coolant temperature indicator sensor. 47. Brake fluid level sensor. 48. Mounting block. 49. Ignition switch. 50. Parking brake warning lamp relay 51. Parking brake warning lamp switch. I - Coolant temperature gauge. II - Instrument panel. III - Oil pressure warning lamp. IV - Fuel gauge. V - Electrical circuit for switching on control devices.
On VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 vehicles, all control devices are located on the instrument panel. On it are: speedometer 19, voltmeter 27, control lamp block 15, instrument cluster 28, and four switches.
The instrument panel is attached to the instrument panel with two screws closed with plugs 22. To remove the shield to replace burnt out lamps or damaged devices, remove the plugs 22 with a screwdriver, unscrew the screws and carefully remove the instrument panel from the instrument panel socket. When installing the shield in place, it is necessary to prevent sharp bends in the flexible shaft of the speedometer drive, leading to permanent deformation of the shaft shell. The bending radii of the shaft in the mounted state must be at least 100 mm.
The instrument cluster applies type 12.3801. It consists of two instruments of the coolant temperature indicator 13 and the fuel level indicator 29, in addition, it has three warning lamps: 30 - fuel reserve, 12 - insufficient oil pressure and 14 - battery charge. The instrument cluster is attached to the dashboard with two brackets and nuts. The housing of the instrument cluster is plastic. An outer rim with glass is attached to it in front, and a printed circuit board made of foil fiberglass is fixed to the back, on which pointer mechanisms are installed, as well as a device protection diode 10. Diode connected between conductor "+" And "weight". Through it, reverse current pulses are closed to ground, which protects the permanent magnets of the pointers from demagnetization. To eliminate the mutual influence of the magnetic fields of the pointers, there are steel screens between them.
A characteristic feature of the instrument cluster and speedometer is the conical shape of the protective glass of the scales, this shape allows you to eliminate glare that interferes with reading instrument readings. To avoid damaging the glass, do not clean it with solvents.
There are two types of instrument cluster, differing in the scheme for turning on the battery charge warning lamp. Until 1988, when the G-222 generator was used, one lamp output was connected to "weight", and the second with a plug "87" charge control lamp, if it was on the car. Since 1988, when the 37.3701 generator began to be installed, one lamp output began to be connected to "a plus" power, and the second with the output "61" generator.
Speedometer. On VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 cars, a speedometer of type 17.3802 is used. It is attached to the instrument panel with two brackets and nuts.
The speedometer has an arrow pointer to the speed of the car and a counter of the distance traveled. The speedometer mechanisms are driven by a flexible shaft from a drive mounted on the rear cover of the gearbox. One revolution of the flexible shaft corresponds to 1 m of the distance covered. In the lower part of the speedometer there are three information control lamps 24, 25 and 26 of the AMN 12-3 type, which notify the driver about the inclusion of high beam headlights, direction indicators and outdoor lighting. The lamp sockets are covered with colored filters.
The speedometer speed indicator mechanism consists of a permanent magnet mounted on a drive shaft and an aluminum stub (in the form of a glass), fixed on the axis along with the arrow. When the magnet rotates, the magnetic lines of force penetrate the card and induce an EMF in it, under the influence of which eddy currents arise in the card. These currents create their own magnetic field of the card. As a result of the interaction of the rotating magnetic field of the permanent magnet and the magnetic field of the card, a torque acts on it, which turns the card, and with it the arrow, in the direction of rotation of the magnet.
Magnetoelectric type fuel gauge, used in tandem with a BM-150 type sensor, which is installed in the fuel tank. This sensor also turns on the control lamp 30 of the fuel reserve when 4-6.5 liters remain in the tank (or 5-7.5 liters on VAZ-2104 cars).
The pointer has a stamped steel body, in which a plastic frame 9 with coils and a scale is fixed with two nuts. In the lower left part of the housing there is a bushing with a lamp holder for the control lamp 30 of the fuel reserve.
The pointer mechanism consists of a plastic frame on which coils are wound, and an axis with an arrow, a permanent magnet 8 and a counterweight 7. The axis of the arrow rotates in two bearings, one of which is made in the form of a screw, and with its help during assembly, adjust the free play of the axis. In the socket of this screw there is a special damping grease that prevents the arrow from vibrating when the car is moving. The counterweight is used to balance the mass of the magnet and to set the arrow to the mark "0" with the device turned off.
The coils have three windings, one of which is wound perpendicular to the other two. Thus, the permanent magnet is affected by three magnetic fluxes created by three windings. Their direction is determined by the gimlet rule. Instruments with this principle of operation are also called ratiometric.
The sensor has a wire rheostat 39, on which the contact 40 slides, controlled by a float. Depending on the fuel level, the float rises or falls and moves the movable contact of the rheostat, changing the resistance of the sensor.
With a sensor resistance of 285-335 ohms, the pointer should be at the beginning of the scale, at 100-13e ohms in the middle of the scale, and at 7-25 ohms at the end of the scale, when the sensor float is in the lower position, contact 38 closes with a fixed contact connected with conclusion "%" sensor and the control lamp 30 turns on.
The coolant temperature gauge measures the temperature of the coolant in the engine cooling system and works in conjunction with the TM-106 sensor. As well as the fuel gauge, it is magnetoelectric and has the same design and principle of operation. It differs in the data of the windings and the absence of a control lamp.
The TM-106 sensor is wrapped in the cylinder head. The sensing element in it is the thermistor 1, which changes its resistance with a change in temperature. The thermistor is pressed by spring 2 to the bottom of housing 5, i.e. one side of it is connected to "weight". The other side of the thermistor is connected through a spring to an output plug fixed in a plastic cover 6. If the sensor resistance is 1000-5000 Ohm, the arrow should be at the beginning of the scale, and with a resistance of 98-110 Ohm, at the beginning of the red zone of the scale (at pointer temperature 20°С).
Voltmeter. On VAZ-2105 and VAZ-2104 vehicles, a voltmeter of type 12.3812 is used. It is attached to the instrument panel with a bracket.
Magnetoelectric type voltmeter mechanism. It consists of a coil wound on a detachable plastic frame. In the holes of the frame, the arrow axis rotates, on which a permanent magnet is fixed, which interacts with the magnetic field created by the coil. Outside the coil are two permanent magnets. One is fixed, and the other is mounted on the end of the screw and can move when the screw rotates. Permanent magnets serve to hold the pointer at the beginning of the scale.
When current passes through the voltmeter coil, a magnetic field is created and the moving magnet is set in the direction of the resulting magnetic flux, which is the sum of the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnets and the coil. The greater the current passing through the coil, the more the arrow deviates. An additional resistor is connected in series with the coil. Its resistance is calculated so that at a voltage of 16 V the arrow deviates to the end of the scale.
The voltmeter mechanism is enclosed in a steel screen, which serves to amplify the magnetic flux inside the coil. The screen together with the mechanism is mounted on a steel base, on which the plugs of the voltmeter leads and an additional resistor are also fixed. The base is attached to the body of the voltmeter with two screws.
The oil pressure warning lamp 12 of insufficient oil pressure in the engine lubrication system is turned on by a sensor of the MM-120 type, which is wrapped in the cylinder block 37 on the left side and controls the oil pressure in the main oil line of the cylinder block.
In the steel case 5 of the sensor, a diaphragm 36 made of polyester film and a fixed contact connected to the sensor body are rolled (With "weight"). If the pressure in the engine lubrication system is below 0.02-0.06 MPa (0.2-0.6 kgf/cm2), then the movable contact 34 of the sensor is pressed against the fixed contact by a spring, the power circuit of the control lamp 12 is closed and the lamp lights up as soon as the oil pressure exceeds 0.02-0.06 MPa (0.2-0.6 kgf/cm2), it bends the diaphragm 36 and, overcoming the resistance of the spring, presses the movable contact from the fixed contact with the pusher. The control lamp power supply circuit opens and the lamp goes out.
The control lamp unit is mounted in the center of the instrument panel with two self-tapping screws. The unit has a plastic case, divided into sections by partitions. One section is reserved, and in the rest, baseless control lamps of the A12-1.2 type are installed.
A two-color plastic diffuser is welded to the body in front by ultrasonic welding. The bottom half is orange and the top half is red (in the zone of control lamps of the brake system). A printed circuit board made of foil fiberglass is attached to the case at the back. Cartridges with control lamps are installed on the board and wires are soldered.
Since 1989, a pilot lamp unit with six lamps has been used. Control lamps for the carburetor air damper and the inclusion of rear window heating were added.
Control lamps of the brake system. The control lamp 17 of the parking brake is switched on through the relay-breaker 50 of the RS-492 type. She starts "blink" when the parking brake lever is up. In this case, switch 51 is closed to "mass" and the current comes from the fuse "10" mounting block in two circuits. One circuit is closed "mass" along the way: fuse "10" - orange wire pilot lamp 17 pink wire plug "L relay-breaker 50 and through its closed contacts to the plug "+" - along the brown wire to switch 51 and on "mass". Another circuit closes "mass" along the way: fuse "10 mounting block - orange wire - plug "—", the winding of the relay-breaker and through its closed contacts to the plug "+" then along the brown wire to switch 51 and on "mass.
The current flowing through the winding of the breaker relay heats it up. The bimetallic plate of the relay-breaker bends from heating and the contacts of the relay-breaker open. The current in both circuits is interrupted and lamp 17 goes out. Then the bimetallic plate cools down and takes its former shape. The breaker relay contacts are closed again, turning on the warning lamp, and the described cycle is repeated at a frequency of 60-120 times per minute, creating a flashing of the parking brake warning lamp.
Since 1995, the relay-breaker 50 has not been installed on cars, and now, when the car is braked by the parking brake, the control lamp 17 is lit with a constant light without blinking.
The control lamp 16 of the brake fluid level is turned on by the sensor 47, located in the reservoir cover of the main cylinder of the brake hydraulic drive, when the fluid level becomes the minimum allowable. In this case, the current flows through the circuit: fuse "10" mounting block orange wire control lamp 16 - pink wire with a blue stripe, closed sensor contacts through the mounting block and through the black wire to ground. Since 1989, simultaneously with the installation of a six-lamp block of control lamps, the scheme for switching on the control lamp 16 of the brake fluid level has also changed. Now the orange wire from the fuse is connected to one output of sensor 47 "10", and the other end is connected with a control lamp 16 through a mounting block with a pink wire with a blue stripe. In this case, the second output of the lamp is connected to "weight".
Also, since 1989, a circuit has been added to check the health of the warning lamp 16 of the brake fluid level. The output of the lamp, to which the wire from the sensor fits, is also connected with a red wire through a diode with a plug "50" ignition switch. When the starter is turned on, voltage is applied to the lamp 16 through the diode, and it lights up. After the starter is turned off, the lamp goes out.