- when starting the engine, turn on the starter for no more than 10... 15 s and again - after 20... 30 s. Continuous operation of the starter for a long time can lead to overheating of the armature and stator windings. If after three attempts the engine does not start, then check and eliminate malfunctions in the engine power supply system or in the ignition system;
- after starting the engine, immediately turn off the starter, as the long rotation of the drive gear by the flywheel crown (especially when the carburetor throttle control pedal is depressed) may cause the starter freewheel to seize;
- never move the car using the starter. This causes significant overload and damage to it.
Starter does not turn on
A) When the starter is turned on, characteristic clicks of the traction relay operation are not heard, and the instrument lighting lamps dim or go out.
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- the terminals of the battery and wire lugs are strongly oxidized, the lugs are loosely tightened. Clean the terminals and wire lugs, tighten the lugs and lubricate with Vaseline;
- the battery is completely discharged. Check the degree of discharge of the battery, if necessary, charge it or replace it;
- interturn short circuit in the retracting winding of the traction relay or its short circuit to «mass». To check the traction relay, it is necessary to remove the starter and install it between gear 2 (see fig. 103) and restrictive ring 1 gasket 12.8 mm thick. By adjusting the relay supply voltage with a rheostat, measure with a voltmeter at what voltage the relay turns on. If the relay turn-on voltage is greater than 9 V at (20±5) °C, this indicates a malfunction. Replace damaged relay.
b) When the starter is turned on, clicks of the traction relay operation are not heard and the brightness of the instrument lighting lamps does not change.
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- The auxiliary relay does not work when the starter is turned on. Connect «plus» battery with plug «85» auxiliary relay. If the relay works, then either the ignition switch is damaged, or the circuit between the plug is broken «85» auxiliary relay and plug «50» ignition switch. Check the red wires connecting the ignition switch to the relay; Replace damaged wires, reconnect. Check if the contacts are closed «30» and «50» ignition switch in position II («Starter»), Replace the defective contact part of the ignition switch;
- no voltage applied to output «50» starter traction relay when the auxiliary relay is activated. Connect «plus» battery with lead «50» starter relay. If the traction relay turns on, then you need to check the wires and their connections from the plug «7» pads «Ш8» mounting block to plug «87» auxiliary relay and then from the plug «30» the same relay to output «50» starter relay. In addition, it is possible that the auxiliary relay contacts are heavily oxidized. To eliminate this malfunction, it is necessary to remove the relay cover and clean the contacts;
- sticking of the armature of the traction relay. Remove the traction relay. Check the ease of movement of the anchor, eliminate jamming;
- break in the retracting winding of the traction relay. Check the resistance between the plug with an ohmmeter «50» relay and its lower contact bolt. If the ohmmeter shows no circuit (infinite resistance), then replace the traction relay.
When the starter is turned on, the armature does not rotate or rotates too slowly
A) Clicks of operation of the traction relay are heard, the instrument lighting lamps do not dim.
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- the nuts for fastening the wire lugs on the contact bolts of the traction relay are loosely tightened. Tighten nuts;
- the contact bolts of the traction relay are strongly oxidized or burnt. Close the contact bolts of the traction relay. If the armature starts to rotate, then it is necessary to remove the traction relay, disassemble it and clean the contact bolts. In case of significant damage to the contact bolts at the point of contact with the contact plate, you can turn them by 180°;
- severe burning of the armature collector, hanging brushes or severe wear. When the contact bolts are closed, the starter armature does not rotate or rotates too slowly. Check the ease of movement of the brushes in the brush holders. If the height of the brushes is less than 12 mm, then replace them. Clean the collector with sandpaper.
b) Clicks of operation of the traction relay are heard, the instrument lighting lamps go out or dim.
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- the terminals of the battery and wire lugs are oxidized, the lugs are loosely tightened. Clean the terminals and wire lugs, tighten them and lubricate them with Vaseline;
- the battery is discharged. Check the degree of discharge of the battery, if necessary, charge it or replace it;
- short circuit or open circuit in the armature or stator windings, short circuit of the brush holder «positive» brushes on «mass». If, when the contact bolts of the traction relay are closed, the starter armature does not rotate or rotates slowly, then the starter must be handed over for repair.
When the starter is turned on, the armature rotates, the engine flywheel does not turn
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- slipping of the overrunning clutch or its sticking on the splines of the armature shaft. Remove starter and check gear rotation. In one direction (clockwise when viewed from the front) it should rotate only together with the armature shaft, and in the other it should rotate freely on the armature shaft. If the clutch slips or sticks on the shaft, disassemble the starter and replace the clutch, eliminate the jam;
- breakage of the clutch engagement lever, drive ring or buffer spring. Remove the starter and check the operation of the lever and drive parts. Replace damaged parts.
Unusual starter noise when turning the armature
When the starter is turned on, shocks and rattles are heard.
Causes of the malfunction and how to fix it:
- the starter mount is loose or its cover on the drive side is broken. Check starter mounting and tighten nuts. In case of breakage of the cover, disassemble the starter and replace it;
- damaged gear teeth or flywheel ring. Remove starter and inspect gear teeth and flywheel ring. If the teeth are damaged, replace the starter clutch or flywheel;
- the starter gear does not disengage from the flywheel due to breakage of the clutch parts or seizing it on the shaft. Remove the starter, disassemble it and check the clutch. Replace it if the clutch parts are broken, eliminate jamming on the shaft.