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Pic. 18. Gearbox: 1. Gear box; 2. Filler and control plug; 3. Drain plug; 4. Adjusting ring; 5. Left front wheel drive; 6. Driven gear of the 1st gear of the secondary shaft; 7. Clutch synchronizer I, II gears and reverse; 8. Driven gear of the second gear of the secondary shaft; 9. Retaining ring; 10. Thrust half ring; 11. Driven gear of the third gear of the secondary shaft; 12. Synchronizer coupling hub for III and IV gears; 13. Driven gear of the IV gear of the secondary shaft; 14. Pinion gear needle bearing; 15 Thrust washer of the 4th gear; 16. Ball bearing of the secondary shaft; 17. The rear cover of the gearbox; 18. Ball bearing input shaft; 19. Breather; 20. Primary shaft; 21. The blocking ring of the synchronizer of III and IV transfers; 22. Sliding clutch of the synchronizer of III and IV gears; 23. Fork of the sliding clutch of the synchronizer of III and IV gears; 24. Retainer cracker; 25. Retainer ball; 26. Cylindrical bearing of the input shaft; 27. Clutch release fork lever; 28. Sleeve of a shaft of a plug of deenergizing of coupling; 29. Clutch housing; 30. Clutch release fork; 31. Clutch release bearing; 32. Roller bearing of the secondary shaft; 33. Secondary shaft; 34. Driven gear of the main gear; 35 Differential tapered roller bearing, 36 Differential box; 37. Satellite; 38. Retaining ring side gear; 39. Side gear; 40. Speedometer drive gear; 41. Right front wheel drive; 42. Speedometer drive assembly; 43. The axis of the satellites; 44. Retaining ring of the axis of the satellites; 45. Protective cover of the gearshift drive hinge; 46. Plate of fastening of the bearing of a secondary shaft; 47. Driven gear of the V transmission of the secondary shaft; 48. Sliding clutch synchronizer V transmission; 49. Clutch hub synchronizer V transmission; 50. Thrust washer; 51. Output shaft of a five-speed gearbox; 52. Drive gear V transmission of the input shaft; 53. The input shaft of the five-speed box is transferred; I. Synchronizer parts; II. The back of a five-speed gearbox.
Depending on the vehicle configuration, a four- or five-speed gearbox is installed.
Structurally, the gearbox is combined with the main gear and differential. The torque from the gearbox is transmitted to the drive wheels through the drive 41 and 5 front wheels.
The four-speed gearbox consists of a crankcase 1, primary 20 and secondary 33 shafts, two synchronizers, an axle with an intermediate reverse gear, a main gear, a differential and a gear shift drive.
The crankcase 1 is made of aluminum alloy, closed with a rear cover 17, in the seat of which a breather 19 is pressed. In the rear part of the crankcase there are sockets for bearings and two holes closed by plugs 2 and 3. In the crankcase, on two bearings 18 and 26, there is an input shaft 20, in the form of a block of gears I, II, III and IV gears and reverse. The output shaft 33 is made together with the final drive gear. The shaft rotates in roller 32 and ball 16 bearings. On the belts of the secondary shaft, gears of I, II, III and IV gears are located on needle bearings, and slots are cut on two belts for fastening the hubs of 12 synchronizers. Each gear has two crowns: one is helical, the other is spur. The helical rims are in constant engagement with the gears of the same name on the input shaft. The sliding clutches of the synchronizers are connected to the spur rims when the gear is engaged.
The synchronizer provides silent gear shifting due to the alignment of the angular velocities of the gears of the primary and secondary shafts. It consists of a hub 12 mounted on the splines of the output shaft, a sliding clutch 22, two blocking rings 21, three crackers 24 with balls 25 and retainer springs and gear rims. Synchronizers of all gears differ slightly from each other. The hub of the synchronizer of I and II gears is locked on the secondary shaft with two retaining rings, and the hub of the other synchronizer is clamped between the shoulder of the shaft and the bushing of the needle bearing of the gear of the IV gear. The sliding clutch 7 of the synchronizer of I and II gears has an external crown for engaging the reverse gear, unlike the clutch of another synchronizer. The hub of each synchronizer has six longitudinal grooves, three of which have sockets for the retainer springs. Crackers 24 with retainer balls are installed in these grooves. The springs press the balls against the annular grooves of the coupling. On both sides of the hub are bronze blocking rings with six lugs that fit into the grooves of the hub. In this case, three short protrusions go into the grooves in which the clamps are located, and longer and wider ones go into other grooves. These protrusions are installed in grooves with a side clearance equal to half the thickness of the coupling tooth (hubs), and limit the angle of rotation of the blocking ring relative to the hub. With this connection, the hub rotates together with the blocking rings. The conical part of the blocking rings is located on the conical belts of the gears and at the moment the gear is engaged, the contact of the conical surfaces occurs. To break the oil film at the point of contact and increase the friction forces, a thread is cut on the conical surface of the ring and longitudinal grooves are made. Blocking rings have gear rims, the teeth of which are beveled at a certain angle. A sliding clutch is connected to the teeth of the blocking ring at the initial moment of gear engagement. The sliding clutch has an internal crown, with which it is located on the teeth of the hub. For longitudinal movement of the clutch along the hub, a gear shift fork enters its annular groove. The ends of the coupling teeth are beveled at the same angle as the teeth of the blocking rings and synchronizer rims.
The reverse gear is used to engage the reverse gear (see fig. 18, pos 29). In the central hole of the gear, a ceramic-metal bushing is pressed in, which is located on the axis installed in the holes of the clutch and gearbox housings. When reverse gear is engaged, the intermediate gear connects the input shaft gear and the ring gear of the synchronizer clutch of I and II gears, as a result of which the output shaft rotates in the opposite direction.
The main gear consists of a pair of helical spur gears, one of which is made together with the secondary shaft, and gear 34 is bolted to the flange of the differential box 36.
The differential is tapered, two-satellite, rotates on two tapered roller bearings 35, the preload in which is regulated by selecting the thickness of the adjusting ring 4. The internal cavity of the differential box has the shape of a solid sphere. In this cavity there are two side gears 39 and two satellites rotating on the axle 43. The axle is held in the differential box by locking rings 44. The side gears are mounted on the splines of the shanks of the housings of the internal hinges of the wheel drive and are locked with rings 38.
A plastic gear 40 of the speedometer drive is pressed onto the differential box, with which the driven gear of the speedometer drive is engaged. located with its roller in the speedometer drive housing 42, which is attached to the gearbox housing. At the outlet of housing 42, the gear shaft is sealed with an oil seal. To seal the gap between the speedometer drive and the mounting socket, a rubber sealing ring is installed in the housing groove. On the upper part of the speedometer drive housing, a thread is cut for the union nut for fastening the cable.
The five-speed gearbox is made on the basis of the four-speed one and has the following main differences:
- the rear parts of the input shaft 53 and the secondary shaft 51 are elongated to accommodate the gears 52 and 47 of the fifth gear and its synchronizer;
- ball bearings of the primary and secondary shafts are fixed in the housings of the crankcase by plate 46, which is fastened with four screws to the crankcase wall;
- the rear cover of the gearbox is made deeper;
- the 5th gear synchronizer has one blocking ring, since it includes only one gear;
- the fifth gear is mounted on the splines of the input shaft.