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Pic. 33. Headlights: 1. Reflector; 2. Lower reflector support; 3. Cleaner brush limiter; 4. Lower reflector holder; 5. Headlight lens; 6. Lamp flange; 7. High beam thread; 8. Low beam filament screen; 9. Thread low beam; 10. Lens of direction indicator; 11. Lamp A12-21-3; 12. A plug installed instead of the working cylinder of the hydraulic corrector; 13. Upper reflector holder; 14. Coupling spring; 15. Lever; 16. Lever return spring; 17. Screw for vertical adjustment of the headlight; 18. Case; 19. Sleeve; 20. The rod of the working cylinder; 21. Cuff; 22. The body of the working cylinder; 23. Headlight housing; 24. Lamp AKG12-60+55; 25. Screen; 26. Lamp A12-4: 27. Screw for horizontal headlight adjustment; 28. Hairpin of fastening of the headlight; 29. Headlight housing; 30. The body of the main cylinder of the hydraulic corrector; 31. Tubes connecting the main cylinder with the workers; 32. Double piston; 33. Drive screw; 34. Handle; 35. Nozzle; 36. Lid; 37. Block headlight; 38. Mounting block; 39. Relay for turning on the dipped headlights; 40. Ignition switch; 41. Outdoor lighting switch; 42. Control lamp high beam headlights; 43. Headlight switch; 44. Relay for switching on high beam headlights; I. Scheme of operation of the headlight hydrocorrector: A - a car with one driver; B - with a driver and cargo in the trunk; II. Headlight switching circuit; III. View of the headlight plug connector: a - dipped beam plug; c - high beam plug; c - side light plug; d - ground plug.
Two headlights are installed to illuminate the road at night (right and left). They consist of rectangular headlights with head and side light bulbs interlocked with a side indicator section. The block headlights are attached to the front of the car with four studs 28 and nuts with a serrated edge, which protect them from self-loosening.
The dipped and main beam headlights are switched by the left lever of the stalk switch 43, if the exterior light switch is on. In addition, the electrical circuit provides for the possibility of light signaling, i.e. short-term inclusion of high beam headlights at any position of the switch of external lighting. In this case, the main beam of the headlights is turned on by pulling the left lever of the steering column switch towards itself, and the power to the light signaling contacts in the headlight switch 43 is supplied directly from the plug "INT" ignition switch 40, bypassing the outdoor lighting switch.
The filaments of two headlight bulbs consume a fairly significant current - 8-10 A. Therefore, in order to unload the contacts of the headlight switch 43 and increase its durability, the headlights are switched on not directly by switch 43, but through additional relays 39 and 44 type 113.3747. They have powerful contacts and are installed in the mounting block 38. Relay 39 turns on the dipped beam in both headlights, and relay 44 turns on the high beam. As a result, only the power supply current of the relay windings, not exceeding 0.2 A, flows through the contacts of the headlight switch.
The headlight reflector 1 is made of steel and has the shape of a paraboloid bounded above and below by horizontal planes. To create a mirror reflective surface, the reflector is coated inside with a special heat-resistant varnish, and then a thin layer of aluminum is applied to it in a vacuum. Such a coating reflects from 90% of the light falling on it.
The diffuser 5 of the headlight is made of colorless silicate glass with a high degree of transparency. A complex system of lenses and prisms is pressed onto its inner surface, scattering light in a horizontal plane and concentrating the light flux in the required directions in accordance with international standards.
Lamp 24 of the head light of the headlight is halogen. The lamp bulb is made of quartz glass and filled with iodine vapours (halogen) and some inert gas. Halogen lamps have an increased luminous efficiency, which is ensured by a higher heating temperature of the filament and an increased service life due to the chemical process occurring in the lamp. This process is as follows. During combustion, tungsten particles evaporate from the filament and deposit on the walls of the lamp. Iodine vapor comes into contact with them and at a temperature of about 600°C, tungsten iodide is formed. This compound is unstable at high temperatures and, getting into the hot filament zone, decomposes into iodine and tungsten, which is deposited on the filament, and iodine moves to the walls of the flask. Thus, when the lamp is switched on, there is a constant transfer of tungsten from the walls to the filament. Therefore, the walls of the bulb remain clean, the filament thins more slowly, and the life of the lamp increases.
When replacing halogen lamps, care must be taken to handle the lamp with gloves or a handkerchief so as not to leave greasy fingerprints on the lamp glass. If there are such traces on the lamp, then remove them with alcohol. Grease stains cause the lamp glass to darken as it heats up to high temperatures. As a result, it overheats and quickly fails.
The lamp contains two tungsten filaments; one (55 W) for dipped beam and other (60 W) for far. The main beam thread 7 is at the focus of the reflector, and therefore the high beam beams are collected in a narrow beam directed almost parallel to the road and well illuminating it at the maximum distance from the car. The thread 9 of the low beam is brought forward from the focus of the reflector and is closed from below by a special metal screen 8. This is done in order to limit the spread of the low beam upwards.
If you direct a beam of low beam at the wall, then the spot of light will have the shape of an ellipse with a cut off upper half. In the left part of the spot, the upper border of the illuminated area will pass exactly along the horizontal axis of the ellipse, and in the right part along the line emanating upward from the center of the ellipse at an angle of 15°to its horizontal axis. This shape of the beam of light provides good illumination of the road in front of the car (especially her right side and curb) and reduces the possibility of dazzling oncoming drivers.
The direction of the headlight beam in the horizontal plane can be adjusted with screw 27, and in the vertical plane - with screw 17. When screw 27 is rotated, the left edge of the reflector moves forward or backward, and it rotates relative to the lower support 2 and the ball head of the upper holder 13. When screw 17 is rotated the reflector through the lever 15 rotates relative to the lower support 2 and the ball head of the screw 27.
Depending on the vehicle load, the angle of inclination of the headlight axes relative to the road changes and, accordingly, the direction of the headlight beams deviates. To correct the direction of the light beam depending on the load on some cars, a manual headlight hydraulic corrector is installed, which can be used from the driver's seat to slightly correct the direction of the headlight beam in a vertical plane. If there is no hydraulic corrector on the car, then a plug 12 is inserted into the headlight housing instead.
The headlight hydrocorrector consists of a transmission mechanism (or master cylinder), fixed with a nut on the instrument panel, two working cylinders mounted on the housings of the block headlights, and connecting tubes. Cylinders and tubes are filled with a special fluid that does not freeze at low temperatures. The design of the hydraulic corrector is non-separable, and in case of damage it must be replaced as a whole, complete with cylinders and tubes.
When the car is loaded by only one driver, the piston 32 of the drive mechanism is fully pushed into the cylinders of the housing, and the rods of the working cylinders 20 are maximally extended from the housings. If you put a load in the trunk, then the rear of the car will lower, and the beam of headlights will rise up. To return it to its previous position, turn the handle 34 of the hydraulic corrector counterclockwise as far as it will go. In this case, the piston 32 moves back from the cylinders and sucks the liquid out of the tubes and working cylinders. With return springs, the rods of the working cylinders are pushed into the housings, and the levers 15 of the headlights are rotated by the springs 16 counterclockwise. The upper part of the headlight reflector moves forward and the headlight beam rises.