Basic dimensions for checking the fixing points of the units
0 - baseline; 1 – the top fastening of a radiator; 2 - fastening of the crankcase of the steering mechanism and pendulum lever; 3 - the axis of the brake and clutch pedals; 4 – the center of the steering mechanism; 5 - the center of the rear wheel; 6 – fastening of shock-absorbers of a back suspension bracket; 7 – back fastening of the muffler; 8 - front mounting muffler; 9 - fastening of the transverse rod of the rear suspension; 10 – an axis of back wheels; 11 - fastening of the upper longitudinal rods of the rear suspension; 12 - fastening of the lower longitudinal rods of the rear suspension; 13 - the center of the front wheel; 14 - attachment points of the front suspension cross member; 15 – fastening of the anti-roll bar; 16 - lower radiator mount; 17 - the axis of the car; 18 - upper radiator mount; 19 – back fastening of the power unit; 20 – fastening of a manual brake; 21 - fastening of the cardan shaft support; 22 - mounting shock absorbers rear suspension
Installation for control and repair of bodies with a device for straightening
1 - installation frame; 2 - car body; 3 – an arm of fastening of a crossbar of a forward suspension bracket; 4 – an arm of fastening of the stabilizer of cross-section stability; 5 - dressing device with arrow and hydraulic device
A significant part of the body repair work falls on emergency vehicles, which, in most cases, require checking the geometry of the attachment points of the vehicle chassis units and assemblies.
To control the geometry of the attachment points of the chassis nodes shown in fig. The main dimensions for checking the attachment points of the units, as well as for performing complex body repairs with simultaneous control, use a machine for repair and control of bodies, in combination with straightening devices.
Body floor checkpoints
1 - intersection of the axes of the front bolts of the anti-roll bar with the surfaces of the side members; 2 - the center of the axes of the lower bolts for fastening the crankcase of the steering mechanism and the pendulum arm bracket; 3 - intersection of the centers of the front technological holes of the spars of the front floor with the surfaces of the spars; 4 - intersection of the rear technological holes of the spars of the front floor with the surfaces of the spars; 5 - the center of the axes of the bolts of the lower longitudinal rods; 6 - the center of the axes of the bolts for fastening the upper longitudinal rods; 7 - intersection of the axis of the bolt of the transverse rod with the body bracket; 8 - intersection of the center of the rear technological hole of the central amplifier of the rear floor with the surface of the amplifier; 9 - the center of the axes of the front bolts of the anti-roll bar; 10 - intersection of the centers of the axes of the lower bolts for fastening the crankcase of the steering mechanism and the bracket of the pendulum lever with the surfaces of the mudguards of the spars; 11 - the center of the front technological holes of the spars of the front floor; 12 - the center of the rear technological holes of the side members of the front floor; 13 - intersection of the axes of the bolts of the lower longitudinal rods with the outer surfaces of the body brackets; 14 - intersection of the axes of the bolts of the upper longitudinal rods with the outer surfaces of the middle spars; 15 - intersection of the axis of the bolt of the transverse rod with the body bracket; 16 - the center of the rear technological hole of the rear floor amplifier; 17 - the longitudinal axis of the car; 0 - reference line
According to the control points of the floor of the body, without dismantling the chassis units and assemblies, it is possible to check the position of the floor elements on the installation.
The dressing device is fixed on the installation frame from the side of the deformed part of the body.
Damage to the car body can be very different. Therefore, the repair rules in each individual case should be different, most suitable for these damages.
In almost all cases of damage to the frame, it is necessary to remove some parts in order to locate the damage, straighten and align the frame. In cases of serious damage, it is recommended to remove all easily removable inner upholstery parts to facilitate measurement, control and installation of hydraulic or screw jacks to eliminate distortions and deflections.
Editing is necessary to restore the original linear dimensions of the body frame.
Reference linear dimensions of doorways
The diagonal dimensions of the openings of the front and rear doors shown in the figure must be 1273±2 mm and 983±2 mm, respectively.
The distance between the uprights from the centers of the links of the upper fixed hinges to the opposite uprights of the openings, along the center of the door locks, must be equal: for the opening of the front door 889±2 mm, for the rear - 819±2 mm. From the centers of the links of the lower fixed hinges to the opposite pillars of the door openings, in the center of the lock retainers, the distances must correspond to: for the opening of the front door - 926±2 mm, for the rear - 863±2 mm.
Reference linear dimensions between B-pillars
The distance between the central posts without upholstery, at a height of 270 mm and 270 550 mm from the bottom of the opening, must be equal to 1397±2 mm and 1234±2 mm, respectively.
Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the wind window and hood
Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the rear window and trunk lid
Diagonal dimensions of window openings should be: for a wind window 1375±4 mm (see fig. Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the wind window and hood), for the rear window - 13224-2 mm (see fig. Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the rear window and trunk lid).
The distance between the flanges of the window openings along the axis of the car must be equal, respectively, for the windshield 5373 mm, for the rear - 5093 mm.
Diagonal dimensions must be equal for the hood opening 1547±4 mm (see fig. Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the wind window and hood), for trunk lid - 1446 4-2 mm (see fig. Reference linear dimensions of the openings of the rear window and trunk lid). The width of the openings along the axis of the car must correspond to: for the opening of the hood 876±4 mm and for the trunk lid - 601±1 mm.
The difference in the diagonal dimensions of the opening of the wind window, as well as the openings of the rear window, hood, trunk lid of the same body must not exceed 2 mm.
When repairing the body, it is necessary to restore the external clearances indicated in the figures (see fig. Main sections of the body (body side view)) And (see fig. Main sections of the body (top view of the body)), between body and doors, between body and hood, between body and trunk lid.
Gap unevenness allowed (taper) no more than 1.5 mm, protrusion of the front surfaces, relatively fixed, by no more than 2 mm.
Most often, when repairing the skeleton, it is necessary to replace the wings, front and rear panels. Methods for replacing and repairing these parts can be taken as a basis for repairing other parts of the skeleton, and knowledge of the location of the welds is necessary.