The only thing that is common to almost all designs is the same operating principle of the main suspension elements. Elastic elements (for VAZ cars - springs 4) perceive vertical loads applied to the wheels. Guide elements (reaction rods, stabilizer) provide a movable connection between the wheels and the body and transmit to it reactive forces acting in the horizontal plane. Damping elements (hydraulic shock absorbers 2) absorb the energy of body vibrations relative to the wheels and ensure their reliable contact with the road.
Suspensions can be dependent and independent, i.e. this means that in the first case the wheels depend on each other, and in the second they do not.
On VAZ cars, the rear wheels are attached to a rigid beam of the rear axle, which means they are mutually dependent. The car VAZ-2121 "Niva" all four wheels are in such dependence. The front wheels of all VAZ cars, except for the BA3-2121 "Niva" car, are suspended on double transverse levers 3 and 5. Their axles are attached to the body, and the outer ends are connected by hinges 6 to the rotary struts 7. In this case, the springs and shock absorbers rest on the lower levers.
Considering the presence of bearings, shock absorbers, hinges, ball joints, reaction rods and other elements in the wheel suspensions, the number of factors influencing the behavior of the car when driving on the road is large.
In this regard, during each maintenance it is necessary to check and adjust, if necessary: the clearance in the front wheel hub bearings; condition of front and rear suspension parts; front wheel alignment angles.
The article is copied from the website: VAZbook.ru