Front axle of car (pic. 34) includes: crankcase, final drive, differential and front wheel drive.
Pic. 34. Front axle:
1 - bottom cover; 2 - drive gear bearings; 3 - differential housing; 4 - drain plug; 5 - filler plug; 6 - bearing of the body of the internal hinge; 7, 24 - glands; 8 - housing of the inner hinge of the wheel drive; 9, 12 - bearing caps; 10 - adjusting nut; 11 - differential bearing; 13 - cover; 14 - support washer; 15 - axle gear; 16 - satellite; 17 - crankcase; 18 - driven gear of the main gear; 19 - bridge mounting bracket; 20 - axis of the satellites; 21 - adjusting ring; 22 - main gear drive; 23 - spacer, 25 - flange.
Carter 17 of the front axle is made in the form of a one-piece body with a developed middle part. It is cast iron. Covers 1 and 13 are attached to the middle part of the body. On the sides of the body there are special flanges for installing covers 9 bearings 6 housings of internal wheel drive hinges, as well as for brackets 19 for fastening the front axle. The main gear and differential are located inside the front axle housing.
Main gear and differential front axle have the same arrangement as the rear axle, and their details are unified.
Front wheel drive transmits torque from the differential to the vehicle's front steer wheels.
Front wheel drive (pic. 35) is a cardan transmission, which includes a shaft, external and internal hinges. The drive shaft 10 is solid. At the ends of the shaft there are splines for installing the outer and inner hinges of the drive. The outer hinge of the front wheel drive consists of a housing 1, a holder 3, six balls 4 and a separator 7. There are special grooves inside the hinge body and outside its holder, in which the balls are placed. The balls provide a movable connection between the body and the hinge cage. The holder 3 of the hinge is fixedly fixed on the splined end of the shaft 10 with locking 2 and thrust 8 rings. The hinge is protected from dust, dirt and moisture by a cover 9, which has a protective casing 6. The body 1 of the outer hinge has a slotted tip, with which it is connected to the hub of the front wheel of the car. The inner front wheel drive joint has a similar design to the outer joint. However, it is somewhat different from the external hinge in its design. The body 12 of the internal hinge also has a splined tip, with which it is connected to the side gear of the differential of the front axle of the car.
Pic. 35. Front wheel drive:
a - drive assembly; b - details of the outer hinge of the drive;
1, 12 - housings of the outer and inner hinges; 2 - retaining ring: 3, 14 - clips of the outer and inner hinges; 4 - ball; 5 - collar; 6 - protective casing of the cover; 7, 13 - separators of the outer and inner hinges; 8 - thrust ring of the holder; 9 - protection case; 10 - drive shaft; 11 - ring fastening the cover.