car body (pic. 52) closed, bearing. The body is made of all-metal and is the main load-bearing element of the car. The engine, transmission and suspension elements are attached to the base of the body. The body does not have a rigid spatial frame. In order for the body to have a certain rigidity, its individual parts are made of the appropriate shape and section. The body of the car has three doors: two front and rear.
Pic. 52. Car body:
1 - body; 2 - engine hood; 3 - back door; 4 - luggage compartment; 5 - seats; 6 - front door; 7 - front wing; 8 - sidewall; 9 - roof; 10 - hall by them part of the building; 11 - base.
The body has a one-piece steel body 1, to which are attached the engine hood 2, front 6 and rear 3 doors and decorative details (grille, front and rear bumpers, decorative trims, etc.) Inside the body there are 5 seats for passengers and the driver and there is a luggage compartment 4.
body shell is a rigid welded structure; consisting of separate pre-assembled units: bases 11 (gender) with the front part of the hull, left and right sidewalls 8 with the rear fenders, the roof 9, the rear part of the hull 10 and the apron of the wings 7.
The base 11 of the body consists of front and rear panels. It is reinforced with spars and crossbars. The front and rear parts of the body are connected to the base. The front part includes the front shield, panels, mudguards, the rear part includes panels and mudguards. Sidewalls 8 of the body are all-forged. They have openings for doors and windows. The roof 9 of the body is also one-piece stamped. It is made together with an opening for a wind window. Noise isolation of the body is provided by applying anti-noise mastic and bituminous sheet gaskets to the surface of the base, which have high noise-absorbing properties. The entire front part of the passenger compartment and the floor of the body are covered with textile-bitumen pads with high sound-absorbing properties. For thermal and sound insulation of the roof, its inner surface is covered with gaskets made of super-thin fiberglass reinforced with resins.
body door (front, back) consists of outer and inner stamped panels interconnected.
The front door is suspended in the opening of the body on hinges. In the closed position, it is held by a special lock, which excludes arbitrary opening of the door during movement. The door has a limiter that limits the opening angle of the door and ensures its fixation in the open position. The front door window consists of two pieces made of safety tempered glass, which breaks into small pieces when broken. Most of the window is a sliding glass, and the smaller part is a pivoting glass. The sliding glass moves in special guides with the help of a window lifter, which is installed inside the door. The window regulator is a gear mechanism with a cable drive that provides raising, lowering and fixing the glass in any position. The front door has an outside handle that does not protrude from the outside door panel, which reduces the chance of injury to pedestrians in traffic accidents.
The rear door opens upwards and is held in the open position by special gas-filled stops. The door has a window consisting of one fixed safety glass. The door is equipped with a lock that keeps it in the closed position.
Wind and side windows installed in the openings of the body along with rubber seals and special decorative edging.
Windshield curved, panoramic, type triplex, consists of glued two thin polished glasses with a transparent elastic film between them. Such glass does not lose its transparency, does not break into small fragments upon impact and is safer than tempered glass.
The side windows are flat and made of safety tempered glass.
Hood closes the top of the engine compartment, located in front of the car body. The hood consists of an outer panel and internal amplifiers connected to each other. It is attached to the body with two loops. The hood opens forward and is fixed in the open position with a special limiter. The hood is equipped with a lock that holds it in the closed position. The lock is unlocked from inside the body with a special handle installed under the instrument panel and connected to the lock by a cable drive.
seats (pic. 53) in the car body are installed in two rows.
Pic. 53. Seats:
1 - pillow, front seat; 2 - front seat back; 3 - stuffing; 4 - upholstery substrate; 5 - headrest retainer; 6 - head restraint frame; 7 - headrest; 8 - rear seat back; 9 - latch of the back of the rear seat; 10 - rear seat back bracket; 11 - the base of the back of the rear seat; 12 - base of the rear seat cushion; 13 - rear seat cushion; 14 - front seat back frame; 15 - lining of the front seat; 16 - handle of the back tilt mechanism; 17 - handle of the seat movement mechanism; 18 - front seat cushion frame.
The front seat is made separate and consists of two separate chair-type seats with head restraints. For the convenience of the driver and passenger, each seat is made adjustable in the longitudinal direction and in the angle of the backrest. Moreover, each seat is independently adjustable.
The seat is mounted on a special slide, on which it can move to the desired position when the handle 17 of the movement mechanism is turned. Spring metal frames 14 of the backrest and 18 of the seat cushion are articulated, which allows you to change the inclination of the backrest up to a horizontal position. Changing the inclination of the seatback is carried out by rotating the handle 16 of the tilt mechanism. The position of the headrest 7 of the seat is also adjustable, but only in height.
Cushion 1 and seat back 2 have padding 3, upholstery backing 4 and special decorative upholstery. The front seat can be folded forward to provide easy access to the rear seat.
The rear seat is triple, sofa type. It is made solid. The seat has metal bases 11 backs and 12 cushions. The arrangement of the cushion 13 and the backrest 8 of the rear seat is the same as that of the front seat. To increase the area of the luggage compartment, the rear seat can be folded if necessary.
Seat belts are used on a car to protect the driver and passengers from serious injuries and death when the car hits fixed obstacles and in a collision with other cars and vehicles. Belts are attached inside the car body.
Seat belts for the front passenger and driver of the diagonal belt type. They consist of two belts: a diagonal one, covering the chest of a person, and a waist belt. Each strap consists of a webbing, a strap length adjuster and a tongue that fits into the buckle. Belts are adjustable in length depending on the build of passengers and the driver.
Seat belts can be installed on the car and for rear passengers. Moreover, only a waist belt is installed for the average passenger. The rear seat belts are designed in the same way as the front belts. They can also be adjusted in length depending on the size of the passengers.
Ventilation and heating. The ventilation and heating system of the body is designed to regulate air exchange and air temperature in the passenger compartment of the car body. It also protects the windshield of the body from fogging and freezing.
The ventilation and heating system includes a liquid-type heater with additional devices (pic. 54), which is located in the front of the car under the instrument panel.
Pic. 54. Body interior heater:
1 - air duct for internal ventilation; 2 - air distribution cover lever; 3 - electric fan; 4 - bracket; 5 - air intake cover control lever; 6 - heater tap control lever; 7 - air duct deflectors; 8 - deflectors; 9 - air intake cover; 10 - air supply box; 11 - radiator casing; 12 - radiator; 13 - pipelines; 14 - crane; 15 - fan casing; 16 - air distribution cover.
The heater consists of a radiator 12, to which coolant is supplied from the engine cooling system. Air enters the radiator through the air intake box 10, into which it enters from the outside through longitudinal holes located at the rear of the engine hood. Cover 9 air intake allows you to adjust the amount of air entering the cabin through the heater. At a low speed of the car and in the parking lot, when the high-speed air pressure is insufficient or absent, fresh air is pumped by electric fan 3.
The temperature of the air entering the passenger compartment is controlled by the amount of fluid supplied to the heater radiator, which is connected in parallel to the engine cooling system. Such a connection of the radiator to the cooling system allows the heater to be used regardless of the thermal state of the engine. The amount of liquid entering the heater radiator is regulated by the valve 14 opening value.
The air entering the passenger compartment through the heater is directed to the deflectors 8 and to the air duct 1. The air distribution cover 16 allows you to adjust the amount of air directed to the deflectors and the air duct. When the lid is closed, all air enters the passenger compartment through deflectors 5, and when the lid is open, most of it is directed through the air duct 1 to the lower front part of the passenger compartment to the feet of the driver and front passenger and from there to the area of the legs of the rear passengers.
The deflectors have swivel covers with guide grilles, which allows you to adjust the direction of the flow of outgoing air. When the lid 16 is closed, intensive blowing of the inner surface of the windshield of the body is achieved, which protects the glass from fogging and freezing.