The electrical equipment of VAZ cars is made according to a single-wire scheme, where the negative terminals of all sources and consumers are connected to the ground. As is known, the ignition switch serves as a circuit switch, but there are a number of circuits independent of the ignition switch, which are always ready to serve. These include the circuits of: brake lights, a plug socket for a portable lamp, sound signals, a cigarette lighter and power supply for the emergency alarm.
In order to protect electrical equipment devices from the effects of faults arising in the circuits, the electrical equipment circuit includes reliable protection of ten fuses for VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 vehicles, eleven for VAZ-2103 vehicles, twelve for VAZ-2121 vehicles and fifteen for vehicles VAZ-2105. A number of electrical circuits operate without protection - these are the battery charging circuits, ignition and engine starting circuits, and windings of the low and high beam headlight relay.
Fuses are faithful guardians, but if one of them has blown, it is necessary to determine the cause. In order to reliably protect a section of the circuit, the fuse must be rated for a certain resistance. It is no coincidence that some circuits are protected by fuses with a current of 8 A, while others are protected by fuses with a current of 16 A. We draw attention to this because many car enthusiasts, without thinking about the possible consequences, often use homemade fuses instead of standard ones. Such liberties in handling fuses can cost a lot.
If you don't have a spare fuse, you can temporarily make a fuse from a piece of foil from a cigarette box. This type of foil is good because it burns out immediately if there is a second short circuit in the circuit.
To determine why the fuse is blown, use the circuit, which serves as a kind of guide. The starting point of the search is a blown fuse. To facilitate the search, the wires of electrical equipment have a colored shell, and the diagram shows the colors of the wire, its digital number and cross-section (in mm²) in letters. So, for example, 18 WCH 1,2 means that wire No.18 is yellow with a black stripe (the second letter indicates what color stripe is on the wire), cross-section of 1.2 mm². The designation of letter indices is deciphered as follows: B - white, G - blue, Zh - yellow, 3 - green, K - brown, P - red, O - orange, R - pink, S - gray, F - violet, Ch - black.
Most faults that occur in the electrical system affect traffic safety. Thus, failure of lighting and signaling devices - active safety elements - creates a risk of collision and vehicle collision, failure of power sources can lead to similar consequences, therefore, every driver who gets behind the wheel should know the main faults of electrical equipment and be able to eliminate them.
The high technical level of modern cars and the different levels of training of drivers create certain difficulties in independently detecting and eliminating faults. In order to determine the nature of the fault and adjust a particular unit, even extensive experience in communicating with a car is often not enough. Today, in most cases, adjustment is required using special devices. Service stations have long been using such devices to diagnose the condition of car mechanisms and systems and adjustment work.
The domestic industry also produces several types of devices for diagnosing a car at home. These are the PA-1, PA-2, AT-1, etc. Having such devices at hand is a significant help to those who maintain their car in good condition on their own. To increase the efficiency of using the PA-1, PA-2 devices, you can purchase one set for several car enthusiasts.
[The article is copied from the website: VAZBOOK]