The electrical equipment of VAZ vehicles is made according to a single-wire circuit, where the negative terminals of all sources and consumers are connected to ground. The circuit switch is, as you know, the ignition switch, but there are a number of circuits independent of the ignition switch, which are always ready to serve. These include circuits for: brake lights, portable lamp socket, horns, cigarette lighter, and alarm power.
In order to protect electrical devices from the action of faults arising in the circuits, a reliable protection of ten fuses for VAZ-2101 and VAZ-2102 cars, eleven for VAZ-2103 cars, twelve for VAZ-2121 cars and fifteen for cars is included in the electrical circuit VAZ-2105. A number of electrical circuits do without protection - these are the circuits for charging the battery, igniting and starting the engine, winding the relay for turning on the dipped and main beam headlights.
Fuses are faithful guardians, but if one of them is blown, the cause must be determined. To reliably protect a section of the circuit, the fuse must be rated for a certain resistance. It is no coincidence that some circuits protect fuses with a current of 8 A, while others - 16 A. We pay attention to this, because many motorists, without thinking about the possible consequences, often use home-made ones instead of standard fuses. Such liberties with fuses can be costly.
If there is no spare fuse, then you can temporarily make a fuse from a piece of foil from a box of cigarettes. This type of foil is good because it immediately burns out when there is a repeated short circuit in the circuit.
To determine why the fuse has blown, use the diagram, which serves as a kind of guide. The starting point of the search is a blown fuse. To facilitate the search, the wires of electrical equipment have a colored sheath, and the colors of the wire, its digital number and cross section are indicated in letters on the diagram (in mm2). So, for example, 18 ZhCh 1.2 means that wire No. 18 is yellow with a black stripe (the second letter indicates what color the stripe is on the wire), section 1.2 mm2. The designation of letter indices is deciphered as follows: B - white, G - blue, F - yellow, 3 - green, K - brown, P - red, O - orange, R - pink, C - gray, F - purple, H - black.
Most of the faults that occur in the electrical system affect traffic safety. Thus, the failure of lighting and signaling devices - active safety elements - creates a threat of collision and collision with cars, the failure of power sources can lead to similar consequences, so every driver should know the main electrical equipment malfunctions and be able to eliminate them.
The high technical level of modern cars and the different levels of driver training create certain difficulties in self-detection and troubleshooting. To determine the nature of the malfunction and adjust this or that node, even a lot of experience with the car is often not enough. Today, in most cases, adjustment is required with the help of special devices. Service stations have long been using such devices to diagnose the condition of vehicle mechanisms and systems and adjusting work.
The domestic industry also produces several types of devices for diagnosing a car at home. These are devices PA-1, PA-2, AT-1, etc. Having such devices at hand is a significant help to those who keep the car in good condition on their own. To increase the efficiency of using PA-1, PA-2 devices, you can purchase one set for several motorists.