Open large image in new tab »
Pic. 35. Control devices: 1. Thermistor; 2. Contact spring; 3. Cylinder head; 4. Paper insulating cartridge; 5. Sensor housing; 6. Sensor cover; 7. Frame with pointer coils; 8. Magnet for returning the pointer to the beginning of the scale; 9. Thermal compensation resistor; 10. Permanent magnet; 11. Control lamp for outdoor lighting; 12. Fog light control lamp; 13. Backup control lamp; 14. Control lamp high beam headlights; 15. A control lamp of heating of back glass; 16. Speedometer; 17. Daily counter of the distance traveled; 18. Coolant temperature gauge; 19. Voltmeter; 20. Fuel gauge; 21. Control lamp of a reserve of fuel; 22. Econometer; 23. Summing counter of the passed way; 24. Parking brake warning lamp. 25 Battery discharge warning lamp; 26. A control lamp of level of a brake liquid; 27. Carburetor choke warning light; 28. Alarm warning light; 29. Oil pressure warning lamp; 30. Control lamp - scoreboard "Stop"; 31. Indicator lamp for direction indicators; 32. Instrument cluster illumination lamp; 33. Socket for installation of the relay-interrupter of a control lamp of a parking brake; 34 Sensor for level indicator and fuel reserve; 35. Fuel reserve signaling contact; 36 Sensor rheostat; 37. Moving contact of the rheostat; 38. Lever with float; 39. Air filter oil pressure sensor; 40. Spring moving contact; 41. Movable sensor contact; 42. Fixed contact (connected to "weight"); 43. Diaphragm; 44. Brake fluid level sensor; 45. Tips of wires to wear sensors of brake pads; 46. The switch of a control lamp of a parking brake; 47. Mounting block; 48. Instrument cluster; 49. Relay-interrupter of the parking brake warning lamp; I. Coolant temperature gauge; II. Instrument combination. III. Connection diagram of the instrument cluster (view from the back); IV. Fuel gauge; V. Oil pressure warning lamp. VI. The circuit of inclusion of control lamps of brake system, VII. The order of conditional numbering of plugs in the blocks of the instrument cluster.
All control devices and control lamps of the car are combined into a single unit - a combination of devices type 22.3801. The instrument cluster combines a speedometer 16, an econometer 22, a voltmeter 19, a fuel gauge 20 and a coolant temperature gauge 18. In addition, control lamps are located in a separate section on the left. Electrical connections between devices, control lamps and output plugs are made by printed wiring on a board made of foil-coated getinaks.
The speedometer 16 is attached to the instrument cluster housing with two screws. It has a pointer speed indicator and two counters: summarizing 23 and daily 17 of the distance traveled, the readings of which can be set to zero with a handle placed on the instrument panel. The speedometer mechanisms are driven by a flexible shaft from a drive mounted on the clutch housing. One revolution of the flexible shaft corresponds to 1 m of the distance covered.
The econometer installed in the instrument cluster is used to estimate fuel consumption in a given engine operating mode. It is a vacuum gauge that measures the vacuum in the engine intake pipe, which is directly related to fuel consumption. The less the throttle valves in the carburetor are open, the greater the vacuum in the intake pipe, and the fuel consumption is less. Conversely, at high engine loads, the throttle valves open almost completely, the vacuum drops (econometer needle goes into the yellow zone of the scale), and fuel consumption increases.
The coolant temperature gauge works in tandem with the TM-106 sensor. The mechanism of the device consists of a plastic detachable frame 7, on which coils are wound, and an axis with an arrow and a disk permanent magnet 10. In the back half of the frame there is a small magnet 8, which returns the disk magnet with an arrow to the beginning of the scale.
The coils have three windings, one of which is wound perpendicular to the other two. Thus, three magnetic fluxes, created by three windings, act on the disk magnet. Depending on the resistance of the sensor, the magnitude of the current in the coil windings changes and, therefore, the direction and magnitude of the total magnetic flux acting on the disk magnet change. The poles of this magnet are located along the direction of the total magnetic flux and, accordingly, the arrow deviates by a certain angle.
If the sensor resistance is 640-1320 ohms, the arrow should be at the beginning of the scale, with a resistance of 77-89 ohms - at the beginning of the red zone, and with a sensor resistance of 40-50 ohms - deviate to the end of the red zone of the scale.
The TM-106 temperature gauge sensor is wrapped in the cylinder head on the rear side of the engine. The sensing element in the sensor is the thermistor 1, which changes its resistance when the temperature changes. The thermistor is pressed by a spring to the bottom of the housing, i.e. one side of it is connected to "weight". The other side is connected through a spring to a plug fixed in a plastic cover 6.
The fuel gauge has the same device as the temperature gauge. It differs in the data of the windings, the points of attachment to the printed circuit board and the mutual arrangement of the disk magnet and the pointer. The pointer is used in tandem with the sensor type 24.3827, which is installed in the fuel tank. This sensor also turns on the control lamp 21 of the fuel reserve when 4-6.5 liters remain in the tank.
The sensor has a wire rheostat 36, on which the contact 37 slides, controlled by a float. Depending on the fuel level, the float rises or falls and moves the movable contact of the rheostat, changing the resistance of the sensor. With a sensor resistance of 285-335 ohms, the pointer should be at the beginning of the scale, at 100-135 ohms - in the middle of the scale, and at 7-25 ohms - at the end of the scale.
The voltmeter has the same principle of operation as the devices described above. With the ignition on and the engine off, the voltmeter shows the voltage at the battery terminals, and after starting the engine, the voltage generated by the generator. If, with the engine running, the arrow is in the red zone at the beginning of the scale (8-11 V), then this indicates a discharge of the battery due to a weak tension of the alternator drive belt or a malfunction of the alternator itself. The red zone at the end of the scale corresponds to 15-16 V. If the arrow is in this zone, then the generator voltage regulator is faulty. Intermediate pointer position (between red zones) indicates the normal operation of the generator.
The oil pressure warning lamp 29 is turned on by a sensor of the MM-120 type, which is wrapped in the engine cylinder head from the side of the inlet and outlet pipelines. If the pressure in the lubrication system is below 0.2-0.6 kgf / cm2, then the movable contact 41 of the sensor is pressed against the fixed contact 42 by a spring, the power supply circuit of the control lamp is closed, and the lamp is on. As soon as the oil pressure exceeds 0.2-0.6 kgf / cm2, it bends the diaphragm 43 and, overcoming the resistance of the spring, pushes the movable contact from the fixed contact with the pusher. The control lamp power supply circuit opens and the lamp goes out.
Brake warning lights
The control lamp 24 of the parking brake starts "blink", when switch 46, located under the parking brake lever, closes. In this case, the current flows from the plug "12" white block of the instrument cluster on two circuits. One circuit is closed "mass" along the way: plug "12" white block - control lamp 24 - plug "L" relay-breaker 49 and through closed contacts on the plug "+" - through a brown wire with a blue stripe to switch 46 and to "mass". Another circuit closes "mass" along the way: plug "12" white pad - plug winding of the relay-breaker and through its closed contacts to the plug "+" - switch 46 - "weight".
The current flowing through the winding of the breaker relay heats it up. The bimetallic plate of the relay-breaker bends from heating, and the contacts of the relay-breaker open. The current in both circuits is interrupted and lamp 24 goes out. The bimetallic plate cools down and takes its former shape. The breaker relay contacts are closed again, turning on the warning lamp, and the described cycle is repeated at a frequency of 60-120 times per minute, creating a flashing of the parking brake warning lamp.
Since 1995, the relay-breaker of the parking brake warning lamp has not been used on cars and there are no plugs for connecting the relay-breaker. Now the conductors that were previously connected to the plugs "+" And "L" relays are short-circuited.
Simultaneously with the control lamp 24, the lamp 30 also flashes "Stop", through which the current flows from the plug "12" white pad, through the diodes to the plug "3" white block, and then through brown wires with a blue stripe to switch 46 and on "mass".
The control lamp 26 of the brake fluid level is turned on by the sensor 44, located in the reservoir of the master cylinder of the brake hydraulic drive, when the fluid level becomes the minimum allowable. In this case, the current flows through the circuit: plug "12" white block of the instrument cluster - lamp 26 - via pink wires with a blue stripe to sensor 44 - "weight". At the same time, lamp 30 also lights up "Stop", the current through which flows in a parallel circuit through a diode.